Ekonomik ambargo uygulandığından beri ithalat-ihracat dengesi değişmiş.

Since the economic embargo has been imposed, the import-export balance has apparently changed.

Breakdown of Ekonomik ambargo uygulandığından beri ithalat-ihracat dengesi değişmiş.

• değişmek: to change
• ekonomik: economic
• uygulamak: to apply
• beri: since

Questions & Answers about Ekonomik ambargo uygulandığından beri ithalat-ihracat dengesi değişmiş.

What is the meaning and formation of uygulandığından beri?

uygulandığından beri means “ever since it was implemented.”
It breaks down into three parts:

1. uygulandığı – the passive participle of uygulamak (“to apply”), meaning “that it has been applied.”
2. -ndan – the ablative case ending, “from.”
3. beri – a postposition meaning “since.”
   Put together, uygulandığından beri = “from the time it was applied” (i.e. “since it was implemented”).

Why do we need -ndan before beri? Could we say uygulandığı beri?

In Turkish, beri never stands alone; it always attaches to a noun or nominalized clause in the ablative case:
• noun + -dan/den + beri = “since (that noun/event).”
So you cannot drop -ndan. You need the chain: uygulandığı + -ndan + beri.
Without -ndan, beri would have no “starting point” and the phrase would be ungrammatical.

What does the hyphen in ithalat-ihracat signify?

The hyphen here shows that ithalat (“import”) and ihracat (“export”) form a tight compound, “import-export.”
• It links two equally ranked nouns.
• You could write “ithalat ihracat dengesi”, but the hyphen makes the pairing clear and prevents a reader from parsing as a separate element with its own suffixes.