Çocuklar birbirlerinin oyuncaklarıyla oynuyor.

The children are playing with each other's toys.

Breakdown of Çocuklar birbirlerinin oyuncaklarıyla oynuyor.

• oynamak: to play
• çocuk: the child
• oyuncak: the toy
• birbirlerinin: each other’s

Questions & Answers about Çocuklar birbirlerinin oyuncaklarıyla oynuyor.

What does birbirlerinin mean and how is it formed?

birbirlerinin is the genitive form of the reciprocal pronoun birbirleri, meaning “each other’s.” Breakdown:

• birbiri (reciprocal root “one another”)
• -leri (plural marker, since we have multiple kids)
• -nin (genitive “of”)
  Together: “of each other.”

How is oyuncaklarıyla built from its root, and what does it mean?

oyuncaklarıyla =

• oyuncak (toy)
• -lar (plural “toys”)
• -ı (3rd-person singular possessive, agreeing with the genitive possessor birbirlerinin)
• -yla (instrumental “with”)
  Overall: “with their toys” (i.e. with each other’s toys).

Why isn’t the verb oynuyor marked plural as oynuyorlar, since çocuklar is plural?

In Turkish, verbs agree in person but not strictly in number. Third-person singular oynuyor can refer to a plural subject if the subject is explicit. Adding -lar (oynuyorlar) is optional and often dropped because çocuklar already makes plurality clear.

Why can’t we say oyuncaklarla instead of oyuncaklarıyla?

oyuncaklarla (“with toys”) lacks the possessive suffix -ı, so it means “with toys” in general. oyuncaklarıyla specifies “with their toys” (i.e. the toys belonging to the kids of each other). When you have a genitive possessor (birbirlerinin), the possessed noun must carry the corresponding possessive ending.

What’s the difference between kendi oyuncaklarıyla and birbirlerinin oyuncaklarıyla?

• kendi oyuncaklarıyla = “with their own toys.” Each child plays with his or her personal toys.
• birbirlerinin oyuncaklarıyla = “with each other’s toys.” They swap and play with one another’s toys.

How is birlikte oynuyorlar different from birbirleriyle oynuyorlar?

• birlikte means “together” (emphasizing simultaneous action).
• birbirleriyle means “with each other” (emphasizing mutual interaction).
  So çocuklar birlikte oynuyorlar could be any parallel play, while çocuklar birbirleriyle oynuyorlar highlights that they are playing against or with one another.

What changes if we drop birbirlerinin and say Çocuklar oyuncaklarıyla oynuyor?

You lose the “each other’s” nuance. Çocuklar oyuncaklarıyla oynuyor simply means “The kids are playing with toys/their toys,” without specifying mutual sharing or swapping.