Learn Hardcore Turkish: Kargo firması paketleri müşterilere hemen ulaştırıyor. - The courier company delivers packages to customers right away.

It’s the subject (the doer of the action) in the nominative case. In Turkish third-person singular subjects are typically unmarked, so kargo firması simply means “the cargo company.”

Why is paketleri marked with the suffix –i, and what does it indicate?

paketleri has two suffixes: plural –ler and accusative –i. The accusative case (–i) shows it’s a definite direct object (“the packages” rather than “packages in general”).

Why does müşterilere take –e, and what role does it play?

müşterilere is the dative case, marked by –e after the plural –ler. It indicates the indirect object “to the customers” (i.e. the recipients of the packages).

What’s the difference between ulaşmak and ulaştırmak, and why is the latter used here?

ulaşmak is intransitive (“to reach” or “to arrive”), whereas ulaştırmak is the causative (“to make something reach,” “to deliver”). Since the cargo company is delivering packages, ulaştırmak is correct.

What tense/aspect does the suffix –ıyor in ulaştırıyor express?

The suffix –ıyor indicates the present continuous (or habitual) aspect. It can mean “is delivering” right now or describe a routine: “(they) deliver.”

How does vowel harmony determine that we use –ıyor (not –iyor/–üyor/–uyor) here?

Turkish vowel harmony for the present continuous –(i)yor looks at the last vowel of the stem. In ulaştır the last vowel is a (a back, unrounded vowel), so we choose ı → –ıyor, giving ulaştırıyor.

What is the role and typical position of the adverb hemen in this sentence?

hemen means “immediately.” It usually precedes the verb it modifies: here it comes before ulaştırıyor. You could also say Kargo firması hemen paketleri müşterilere ulaştırıyor without changing the basic meaning.

Is Turkish word order fixed, and what is the default order in this example?

Turkish is relatively free-word-order because cases mark grammatical roles. The default is Subject-Object-Indirect Object-Verb, as in Kargo firması paketleri müşterilere hemen ulaştırıyor. You can rearrange elements for emphasis without losing clarity.

Why aren’t there articles like “the” or “a” in this Turkish sentence?

Turkish doesn’t have separate articles. Definiteness is often shown by case endings (like the accusative –i) or by word order/context. So kargo firması can mean “a/the cargo company” depending on context.

Could we use teslim ediyor instead of ulaştırıyor, and what’s the nuance difference?

Yes. teslim etmek (“to hand over, to deliver”) focuses on physically giving the item to the receiver, while ulaştırmak emphasizes transporting or getting something to its destination. Both are correct in courier contexts.