Question 1

Why does ücret have an -i at the end in nakliye ücreti? Is that the accusative case?

Accepted Answer

No. In nakliye ücreti the -i is the 3rd person singular possessive suffix, not the accusative. Turkish often forms noun-noun compounds by leaving the first noun bare and adding a possessive ending to the second. So nakliye ücreti literally means “shipping’s fee” (i.e. “shipping fee”). In our sentence that compound is the subject of the passive verb, so it remains in the nominative case.

Question 2

Why is teklif followed by -e (teklife) rather than a locative -de (teklifte)?

Accepted Answer

Here the dative -e marks the entity “to which” something is added. With the verb dahil etmek (“to include”) you always use dative on the thing getting included:  
• nakliye ücreti – what is included  
• teklife – into the offer

If you used teklifte, you’d be saying “in the offer” as a location, which doesn’t fit the verb dahil etmek.

Question 3

What exactly is dahil, and why is it paired with edilmek?

Accepted Answer

Dahil is originally an adjective/participle meaning “included.” To turn it into “include (something)” you attach the light verb etmek:  
• aktif: dahil etmek = “to include”  
Then to say “to be included,” you form the passive of etmek, which is edilmek (with the irregular passive infix -il-):  
• pasif: dahil edilmek = “to be included”

Question 4

How is the passive dahil edildi formed grammatically?

Accepted Answer

1. Start with the adjective dahil.  
2. Add the light-verb root et- → dahil et- (active “include”).  
3. Form the passive of et-, which is edil- (irregular passive of etmek).  
4. Add the past-tense marker -di → dahil edil-di (“was included”).

Question 5

How would you express the same idea in the active voice?

Accepted Answer

You’d switch to etmek in active and make nakliye ücretini the direct object (accusative):  
• (Biz) nakliye ücretini teklife dahil ettik.  
(“We included the shipping cost in the offer.”)  
Optionally add an agent:  
• Nakliye ücretini teklife biz dahil ettik.

Question 6

What’s the difference between nakliye ücreti teklife dahil edildi and nakliye ücreti teklife dahildir?

Accepted Answer

• dahil edildi = simple past passive → “was included.” A single completed action.  
• dahildir = adjective with copula -dir → “is included.” A general present-state statement (more like a fact on a price list).

Question 7

Could I rephrase using teklifin içinde instead of teklife dahil?

Accepted Answer

Yes, but it’s more colloquial:  
• Nakliye ücreti teklifin içinde.  
(“The shipping cost is inside the offer.”)  
In business/formal writing you’ll more often see teklife dahil because it follows the common collocation dahil etmek/edilmek.

Question 8

What tense and voice does dahil edildi represent? Why isn’t there a separate word for “was”?

Accepted Answer

• It’s the past-tense (-di) passive of dahil etmek → dahil edil-di (“was included”).  
• In Turkish, tense and voice are encoded directly on the verb. You don’t need a separate copula or auxiliary like English “to be.”

Nakliye ücreti teklife dahil edildi.

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