Breakdown of Yoğun sis hava ulaşımını engelliyor.
ulaşım
the transportation
yoğun
dense
sis
the fog
engellemek
to prevent
Questions & Answers about Yoğun sis hava ulaşımını engelliyor.
What case is hava ulaşımını in, and why does it end with -ı?
Hava ulaşımını is in the accusative case, marked by -ı (here harmonizing as -ı). In Turkish, a definite direct object (something specific or known) takes an accusative suffix. Since hava ulaşımı (“air transportation”) is a definite concept here, we add -ı, yielding hava ulaşımını.
Why does yoğun sis have no suffix? What case is it in?
Yoğun sis (“dense/heavy fog”) is the subject of the sentence and thus appears in the nominative case, which is zero-marked in Turkish. Subjects and predicate nouns/adjectives in the nominative do not require any suffix unless you want emphasis or to indicate possession.
What is the standard word order in this sentence, and how flexible is it?
The default Turkish word order is Subject–Object–Verb (SOV):
• Subject: Yoğun sis
• Object: hava ulaşımını
• Verb: engelliyor
You can shuffle these elements for emphasis (e.g. placing hava ulaşımını first to stress “air transportation”), but the verb usually remains at the end.
How is the verb engelliyor formed? What tense and person is it?