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Questions & Answers about Hızlı koşarken kalori yakımı artar.
What does the suffix -ken in koşarken indicate?
The -ken suffix is an adverbial participle marker meaning “while.” So koşarken literally means “while running.” It turns the verb stem koş- (“run”) into a “while” clause.
Why is hızlı used here without any additional adverb ending like -ca?
In Turkish, many adjectives (especially those ending in a vowel) can directly modify verbs as adverbs. hızlı (“fast”) can function adverbially, so hızlı koşarken = “while running fast.” You could also say hızlıca koşarken, but hızlı alone is more common in everyday speech.
Could we say hızlıca koşarken instead of hızlı koşarken? What’s the difference?
Yes, hızlıca is the adverbial form of hızlı and also means “quickly.” Using hızlıca gives a slightly more formal or emphatic tone. In casual usage, hızlı koşarken (“running fast”) is preferred.
Why isn’t kalori in the genitive (e.g. kalorinin) or plural form here?
This is a noun-noun compound: kalori yakımı (“calorie burning”). In such compounds the first noun stays in its bare (indefinite) form. You don’t need -in or -ler. The meaning is “the burning of calories” in general.
What is the function of -ım in yakımı?
Here yakım is a noun derived from the verb yakmak (“to burn”) by adding the nominalizer -ım, giving “burning.” So yakım = “burning/process of burning.” In kalori yakımı the full string yakımı shows that derived noun.
Why is the verb artar in the simple present (aorist) rather than the present continuous artıyor?
Turkish uses the aorist tense (stem + -r) to state general truths or habitual facts. Kalori yakımı artar means “calorie burning increases” as a general rule. If you said kalori yakımı artıyor, it’d sound like you’re observing it right now.
Who is the subject in this sentence, and why isn’t there a pronoun like “you” or “one”?
The explicit subject is the noun phrase kalori yakımı (“calorie burning”). There’s no pronoun because the sentence states a general fact. Turkish often uses impersonal or noun-based subjects for universal statements.
Could you express the same idea in a more everyday, conversational way?
Yes. A more spoken-style equivalent is: Koşarken daha çok kalori yakarsın.
– Koşarken: “while running”
– daha çok kalori: “more calories”
– yakarsın: “you burn”
This uses a direct verb form and addresses “you” instead of a nominalized general fact.