Learn Hardcore Turkish: Hava değişiyor.

Hava primarily means weather in this context, though it can also mean air in other situations. Given the context of discussing change, it's understood here to refer to the weather.

What tense is used in değişiyor, and how is it formed?

Değişiyor is in the present continuous tense. It is formed by taking the verb root değiş- (meaning to change) and appending the suffix -iyor. This construction indicates that the action is currently in progress.

Why is there no explicit subject pronoun (like it) before değişiyor?

Turkish often omits subject pronouns because the verb conjugation inherently indicates the subject. In Hava değişiyor, the suffix on değişiyor makes it clear that the action is occurring with hava as the subject, so no additional pronoun is needed.

How does vowel harmony influence the formation of the suffix -iyor in this sentence?

Turkish follows the principle of vowel harmony, which means that vowels in suffixes adjust to match the vowels in the root word. The suffix -iyor is chosen in this case because its vowels harmonize with those in değiş-. In other verbs, depending on their vowel composition, you might encounter variations like -ıyor, -uyor, or -üyor.

What is the difference between saying Hava değişiyor and Hava değişecek?

Hava değişiyor indicates that the weather is currently changing (present continuous tense), while Hava değişecek means that the weather will change (future tense). The difference lies in the timing of the action—the first refers to an ongoing change, and the second to a change that is expected to happen in the future.