Araba hızla uzaklaştı.

Turkish normally does not use articles like the or a/an.

So araba can mean car, a car, or the car, depending on context. In a standalone sentence like this, English might translate it as either The car moved away quickly or A car moved away quickly. The surrounding context tells you which one is intended.

Hızla is an adverbial form meaning quickly / rapidly / with speed.

It comes from:

• hız = speed
• -la / -le = a suffix that can mean with / by means of

So hızla literally means something like with speed.

By contrast:

• hızlı = fast as an adjective, as in hızlı araba = a fast car

In this sentence, hızla is preferred because it modifies the verb uzaklaştı and tells us how the car moved away.

You may hear hızlı used in adverb-like ways in everyday Turkish, but hızla is the more standard and natural choice here.

So:

• Araba hızla uzaklaştı = the most natural version
• Araba hızlı uzaklaştı = understandable, but less standard in this sentence
• Araba hızlıca uzaklaştı = also possible, with a similar meaning

A good learner rule is:

• adjective: hızlı = fast
• adverb: hızla / hızlıca = quickly

Uzaklaştı can be broken down like this:

• uzak = far, distant
• -laş = become / get
• -tı = past tense

So:

• uzaklaşmak = to become distant / to move away
• uzaklaştı = moved away / became distant

This is a very common Turkish way of making verbs: a noun or adjective + -laş/-leş to mean become X.

Because Turkish past tense follows both vowel harmony and consonant harmony.

The past tense suffix has several forms:

• -dı
• -di
• -du
• -dü
• -tı
• -ti
• -tu
• -tü

In uzaklaştı:

1. the verb stem ends in ş, which is a voiceless consonant
2. after a voiceless consonant, the suffix uses t instead of d
3. the last vowel before the suffix is a, so the vowel becomes ı

That gives -tı.

Because the most neutral Turkish word order is often Subject + Adverb + Verb, with the verb at the end.

So:

• Araba = subject
• hızla = adverb
• uzaklaştı = verb

This makes Araba hızla uzaklaştı a very normal, neutral Turkish sentence.

Turkish word order is flexible, but changing it usually changes the focus or emphasis.

Here araba is in the nominative form, which is the basic dictionary form with no case ending.

It is the subject of the sentence.

So there is no extra ending because:

• it is not a direct object
• it is not in a location case
• it is simply the thing doing the action

Because uzaklaşmak is an intransitive verb. That means it does not take a direct object.

So:

• Araba hızla uzaklaştı = The car moved away quickly

There is no thing being acted on directly.

Compare:

• uzaklaşmak = to move away
• uzaklaştırmak = to move something away / cause something to become distant

So if you wanted a verb with a direct object, you would usually need a different verb, often a causative one such as uzaklaştırmak.

Yes. Turkish often drops subjects when they are clear from context.

So you could also say:

• Hızla uzaklaştı.

This could mean:

• He moved away quickly
• She moved away quickly
• It moved away quickly
• The car moved away quickly

The exact subject would come from context. Turkish does not mark gender in the verb.

These are two sounds that English speakers often notice right away.

• ş is easy: it is pronounced like sh in shoe
• ı is the undotted i, and it has no exact English equivalent

For ı:

• keep your lips relaxed, not spread
• make a short, central vowel sound
• it is somewhat like the weak vowel in the second syllable of sofa or roses, but not exactly the same

So roughly:

• hızla sounds like huz-lah (very approximate)
• uzaklaştı sounds roughly like oo-zak-lash-tuh (again, only approximate)

Also:

• z is like English z
• c is not in this sentence, so nothing tricky there
• Turkish pronunciation is usually very regular once you learn the letters

It can cover both ideas, depending on context.

With something like araba, English will usually translate it more naturally as:

• The car drove away
• The car moved away

But the core idea of uzaklaşmak is that something becomes more distant.

So the verb is broader than one single English translation. English chooses the most natural wording for the situation.