Bağış kutusu tekstil atığından ayrıldı.

Because bağış kutusu is a very common Turkish structure called an indefinite noun compound.

The pattern is:

• Noun + Noun-(s)I

So here:

• bağış = donation
• kutu = box
• kutu-su = donation box

That -su is the compound marker on the second noun. It looks like a possessive ending, and historically it is related to one, but in this structure it does not mean that someone literally owns the box. It just links the two nouns.

Similar examples:

• çöp kutusu = trash bin
• otobüs durağı = bus stop
• kahve fincanı = coffee cup

Because kutu ends in a vowel, the suffix appears as -su rather than just -u.

It contains several pieces stacked together:

• atık = waste
• tekstil atığı = textile waste
• tekstil atığından = from textile waste

More specifically:

1. tekstil atığı is another indefinite noun compound:
   • tekstil
     • atık-(s)ı
2. Then the ablative ending -dan/-den is added to mean from
3. Because the noun already has that compound/possessive-type ending, Turkish inserts a buffer n before the case ending

So:

• atık
• atığı
• atığı + ndan
• atığından

That is why one English idea, from textile waste, turns into one compact Turkish form.

Here it means from.

The ending -dan/-den/-tan/-ten is the ablative case in Turkish. It often shows:

• movement away from something
• origin
• separation

With the verb ayrılmak = to separate / to part / to split off, Turkish normally uses the ablative:

• X, Y’den ayrıldı = X separated from Y

So in this sentence:

• tekstil atığından = from textile waste

Ayrıldı is the past tense, 3rd person singular form of ayrılmak.

Breakdown:

• ayrılmak = to separate, to part, to split off, to leave
• ayrıl-dı = separated / was separated / got separated

The ending -dı/-di/-du/-dü is the simple past tense.

Because the subject is bağış kutusu and that is singular, ayrıldı is also singular.

Not exactly, at least not in the same way English uses a passive.

In English, you might translate it as was separated, which looks passive. But Turkish ayrılmak is often understood as an intransitive or middle-type verb meaning to become separated or to separate from something.

Compare:

• ayırmak = to separate something
  
  • transitive
• ayrılmak = to separate / become separated / part
  
  • intransitive

So ayrıldı does not necessarily focus on who did the action. It simply says that the subject ended up separated.

Because the most neutral Turkish word order is usually Subject + other elements + Verb.

So here:

• Bağış kutusu = subject
• tekstil atığından = from textile waste
• ayrıldı = verb

This end position for the verb is very normal in Turkish.

Turkish can change word order for emphasis, but the verb still often stays at or near the end. So this sentence has a standard, natural structure.

Because Turkish does not have articles like English the and a/an.

That means:

• bağış kutusu could mean the donation box or a donation box
• context tells you which is intended

In many sentences, a bare subject like this often feels more like the donation box because it sounds like something already known in the context. But Turkish does not mark that with a separate word the way English does.

Because these are indefinite noun compounds, not regular of-phrases.

Turkish has two different patterns:

1. Indefinite noun compound

   • bağış kutusu
   • tekstil atığı
   • very common for naming types of things

2. Genitive-possessive structure

   • bağışın kutusu
   • tekstilin atığı
   • means something more like the box of the donation or the waste of the textile
   • much less natural here

So Turkish uses the bare first noun when one noun classifies another noun. That is exactly what is happening in this sentence.

This is because of a common sound change in Turkish called consonant softening.

When some words ending in p, ç, t, k take a vowel-initial suffix, the final consonant often changes:

• p → b
• ç → c
• t → d
• k → ğ or sometimes g

So:

• atık
• • a vowel-initial suffix
• becomes atığ-

That is why you get:

• atığı
• atığından

This is a very common pattern, and you will see it in many words.

Yes. In fact, that is often closer to the Turkish grammar.

Because ayrılmak is not simply an English-style passive, Turkish is often expressing the idea that something became separate or moved apart from something else.

So depending on context, possible English renderings include:

• The donation box was separated from textile waste
• The donation box got separated from textile waste
• The donation box separated from textile waste

The best English choice depends on what sounds most natural in the situation, but grammatically Turkish is often closer to got separated / separated than to a strict passive.