Tembel kedi bütün gün uyudu.

In Turkish, adjectives normally come before the noun they describe, just like in English.

• tembel kedi = lazy cat
• büyük ev = big house
• güzel kitap = beautiful book

So tembel is simply describing kedi.

No. Turkish adjectives do not change for singular/plural, gender, or case the way they do in some other languages.

So:

• tembel kedi = lazy cat
• tembel kediler = lazy cats

The adjective tembel stays the same.

Turkish does not have articles like English a/an and the.

So kedi can mean:

• a cat
• the cat

The exact meaning depends on context. In a simple sentence like this, English may translate it either way depending on what was already being talked about.

bütün gün is a time expression meaning all day or the whole day.

• bütün = whole, entire, all
• gün = day

Together they function as an adverbial phrase telling when / for how long the action happened.

This is very common in Turkish:

• bütün gece = all night
• bütün hafta = all week

Many time expressions in Turkish appear without a case ending when they are used adverbially.

So bütün gün uyudu means slept all day, with bütün gün acting like an adverbial time phrase.

This is normal:

• sabah geldim = I came in the morning
• dün çalıştım = I worked yesterday
• bütün gün uyudu = he/she/it slept all day

uyudu comes from the verb uyumak = to sleep.

Breakdown:

• dictionary form: uyu-mak
• verb stem: uyu-
• past tense ending: -du

So:

• uyu- + -du = uyudu

It means slept.

The Turkish past tense suffix changes according to vowel harmony and sometimes consonant harmony.

The past tense has four vowel forms:

• -dı
• -di
• -du
• -dü

Here the last vowel in uyu- is u, so the suffix becomes -du.

That is why:

• uyu-du = slept

You may also see t instead of d after certain voiceless consonants, but that does not apply here.

Turkish often leaves out subject pronouns when they are clear from context.

In this sentence, the subject is already expressed as tembel kedi, so no pronoun is needed.

Also, Turkish verbs already carry person information. In the 3rd person singular, there is usually no extra personal ending after the tense marker:

• uyudum = I slept
• uyudun = you slept
• uyudu = he/she/it slept

So uyudu naturally means he/she/it slept, and here the noun kedi tells us who did it.

Not exactly. Turkish usually puts the main verb at the end of the sentence.

This sentence follows a very normal Turkish pattern:

• Tembel kedi = subject
• bütün gün = time expression
• uyudu = verb

So the structure is roughly:

Subject + Time expression + Verb

English usually prefers: The lazy cat slept all day

Turkish strongly prefers the verb-final structure in neutral sentences.

Yes, Turkish word order is somewhat flexible, but changing it usually changes emphasis rather than the basic meaning.

For example:

• Tembel kedi bütün gün uyudu.
  Neutral: the lazy cat slept all day.

• Bütün gün tembel kedi uyudu.
  Emphasis on all day.

• Uyudu tembel kedi bütün gün.
  Grammatically possible in special contexts, but much less neutral and more marked.

For learners, the safest default is to keep the verb at the end.

Here it means all day for one day or one event.

• bütün gün = all day / the whole day

It does not normally mean every day.

For every day, Turkish usually uses:

• her gün = every day

So:

• bütün gün uyudu = slept all day
• her gün uyur = sleeps every day

A rough pronunciation guide:

• tembel ≈ tem-BEL
• kedi ≈ keh-DEE
• bütün ≈ byu-TUEN
• gün ≈ something like gyoon
• uyudu ≈ oo-yoo-DOO

Two pronunciation notes that are especially useful:

• ü is not like normal English u. It is pronounced with rounded lips, somewhat like the vowel in French tu or German ü.
• u in uyudu is a regular Turkish u, like oo in food, but shorter and cleaner.

Because tembel kedi is a noun phrase meaning lazy cat, where tembel directly modifies the noun.

If you say kedi tembel, that becomes a full clause meaning:

• The cat is lazy

So the difference is:

• tembel kedi = lazy cat
• kedi tembel = the cat is lazy

In your sentence, the first one is needed because lazy is describing the cat inside the subject phrase.

Yes. Turkish does not mark grammatical gender, and animals are often referred to without distinguishing he and she unless needed.

So uyudu with kedi could correspond in English to:

• the cat slept
• it slept
• sometimes he slept or she slept, depending on context

English forces you to choose more than Turkish does.