Oymayı temizlediğimiz sırada perdah bozuldu.

A natural breakdown is:

• Oymayı = the carving / the engraved piece (as the object)
• temizlediğimiz sırada = while we were cleaning / during the time we cleaned
• perdah bozuldu = the finish/polish was damaged / the polish got ruined

So the structure is basically:

[While we were cleaning the carving] [the finish got damaged].

Because oyma is the direct object of temizlemek (to clean), and here it is a specific/definite object.

• oyma = carving, engraving
• oymayı = the carving / that carving (accusative-marked object)

In Turkish, specific direct objects usually take the accusative ending.

Also, because oyma ends in a vowel, Turkish inserts a buffer consonant y before the accusative ending:

• oyma + ı would be awkward
• so it becomes oyma + y + ı = oymayı

Oyma is a noun. It comes from the verb oymak (to carve, engrave), but here it means something like:

• carving
• engraved work
• carved piece
• depending on context, possibly ornamental carving

So oymayı temizlediğimiz sırada means while we were cleaning the carving.

It is built from the verb temizlemek (to clean).

A simplified breakdown is:

• temizle- = clean
• -dik = a common suffix used in subordinate/nominalized clauses
• -imiz = our / we

So:

• temizlediğimiz literally works like that we cleaned or our cleaning

In this sentence, it is part of a time expression, so the overall meaning becomes:

while we were cleaning

Also, the k in -dik changes to ğ before the vowel-initial ending, which is why you see -diğimiz.

In Turkish subordinate clauses like this, the subject is often shown with a possessive-type ending rather than with a separate subject pronoun.

So:

• temizlediğim = that I cleaned
• temizlediğin = that you cleaned
• temizlediği = that he/she cleaned
• temizlediğimiz = that we cleaned

This is very normal in Turkish. Even though it may look strange to an English speaker, it is one of the standard ways Turkish builds clauses such as:

• the thing that I saw
• when we arrived
• what they said

Here, sırada is part of the expression -DIK + possessive + sırada, which means:

• while
• when
• during the time that

Literally, sıra can mean things like order, turn, or sequence, but in this pattern it refers to the time/point during an action.

So:

• temizlediğimiz sırada = at the time that we were cleaning = while we were cleaning

The ending -da is the locative suffix, often meaning in, at, or during depending on context.

So:

• sıra = order / turn / time-point
• sırada = at that time / during that point

In this sentence, it helps create the meaning during the time when...

So temizlediğimiz sırada is literally something like:

at the time of our cleaning

which English naturally translates as while we were cleaning.

Yes. A very natural alternative would be:

Oymayı temizlerken perdah bozuldu.

That also means:

While we were cleaning the carving, the finish got damaged.

The difference is mostly structural:

• temizlerken = a more direct while cleaning / while we were cleaning
• temizlediğimiz sırada = a slightly more expanded expression, literally during the time that we cleaned

Both are correct. The sentence you were given is a bit more formal or explicit in structure.

Perdah is a somewhat specialized word, often used in craft, surface treatment, restoration, polishing, or finishing contexts.

Depending on context, it can mean:

• polish
• finish
• surface finish
• burnish
• sheen

So perdah bozuldu means that the surface finish or polish was spoiled, damaged, or ruined.

This is an important difference.

• bozmak = to spoil, ruin, damage something
• bozulmak = to be spoiled, become ruined, get damaged

So:

• Perdah bozdu would not work here the way you want, because it would mean the subject did the ruining.
• Perdah bozuldu means the finish got damaged / was ruined

This is the correct form because perdah is the thing affected by the action, not the doer.

It is often easiest for English speakers to think of it as passive-like, but more accurately it is an intransitive/resultative form.

It focuses on the change of state:

• bozmak = ruin something
• bozulmak = become ruined

So perdah bozuldu is not really about who caused the damage. It is about the result:

the finish ended up damaged

That is why English translations may use:

• was damaged
• got damaged
• was ruined
• got spoiled

The main verb bozuldu is in the simple past:

• bozuldu = got damaged / was damaged

The time clause temizlediğimiz sırada refers to an action happening at that same past time.

In English, we usually prefer:

While we were cleaning the carving, the finish got damaged.

So even though English uses were cleaning, Turkish does not need a separate progressive form here. The time relationship is already clear from the structure.

Turkish does not have articles like English the and a/an.

So perdah can mean:

• the finish
• a finish
• the polish
• a polish

The context tells you which one is intended.

In this sentence, English would usually translate it as the finish because it is clearly the finish of the carved object being cleaned.

Yes, Turkish word order is flexible, though the given version is very natural.

The sentence as written:

Oymayı temizlediğimiz sırada perdah bozuldu.

puts the time/background information first, then the main event.

You could also see variants such as:

• Perdah, oymayı temizlediğimiz sırada bozuldu.

That can give a bit more emphasis to perdah.

Still, the original order is probably the most neutral and natural for this meaning.

A fairly literal version would be:

During the time that we cleaned the carving, the finish became damaged.

A more natural English translation would be:

While we were cleaning the carving, the finish got damaged.

Both capture the same meaning, but the second sounds more like normal English.