Perdah yüzeyi parlattı.

Here, perdah is being used as a noun, not a verb.

It refers to something like polish, burnishing, or a finishing treatment, depending on context. In this sentence, it functions as the subject of the verb.

Because Turkish capitalizes the first word of a sentence, Perdah at the beginning does not automatically mean it is a proper name.

Because yüzeyi is the direct object of the sentence, and it is marked with the accusative suffix.

• yüzey = surface
• yüzeyi = the surface / that specific surface

In Turkish, a specific/definite direct object usually takes the accusative ending -(y)ı/i/u/ü. Here the ending is -i, so:

• yüzey
  • -i → yüzeyi

This is one of the main ways Turkish shows something like English the surface.

parlattı can be understood as:

• parlat- = make shine / polish
• -tı = past tense

So parlattı means made shine or polished.

A helpful comparison:

• parlamak = to shine
• parlatmak = to make something shine, so to polish / brighten

The double tt is just what happens when the verb stem ending in -t joins the past tense suffix -tı.

Because the normal Turkish sentence pattern is often Subject – Object – Verb.

So:

• Perdah = subject
• yüzeyi = object
• parlattı = verb

That makes Perdah yüzeyi parlattı a very normal Turkish word order.

English usually prefers Subject – Verb – Object, so this feels different to English speakers at first.

Not definitely. By itself, the sentence is formally ambiguous.

Because Perdah is at the beginning of the sentence, it is capitalized anyway. So you cannot tell from capitalization alone whether it is:

• the common noun perdah, or
• a proper name Perdah

Without context, learners will usually read it as the common noun perdah. But if this came from a story and Perdah were someone's name, the sentence could also mean Perdah polished the surface.

Turkish has no definite article like English the.

Instead, definiteness is often shown by:

• context
• word order
• and especially, for direct objects, the accusative ending

So yüzeyi suggests the surface or that particular surface.

Turkish does have bir, which can mean a/an or one, but it is not required in every place where English uses a/an.

It can mean both, depending on context.

Literally, parlatmak is to make something shine. In natural English, that is often translated as:

• to polish
• to brighten
• to make glossy/shiny

So if the meaning you were shown uses polish, that is completely normal. If it uses make the surface shine, that is also accurate.

Yes. Turkish word order is more flexible than English word order.

Because yüzeyi has the accusative ending, its role as the object is already clear, so other orders are possible for emphasis. But Perdah yüzeyi parlattı is the most neutral and straightforward version.

Changing the order usually changes the focus or emphasis, not the core meaning.

Because Turkish often does not use subject pronouns when they are not needed.

Also, in the third person singular, the past tense form often appears without an extra personal ending. So:

• parlattı can mean he/she/it polished or made shine

In this sentence, the subject is already given as Perdah, so no extra pronoun is necessary.

A simple way to analyze it is:

• Perdah = subject
• yüzeyi = definite direct object
• parlattı = past-tense verb

So the sentence is a basic transitive past-tense sentence in Turkish:

Subject + Object + Verb

That is one of the most common Turkish sentence patterns.