Asma kilit anahtar deliğinin yanında.

Yes, from an English point of view it feels missing, but in Turkish this is normal. In simple present-tense noun/adjective/location sentences, the verb to be is usually not said.

So:

• Asma kilit anahtar deliğinin yanında. = The padlock is next to the keyhole.

A more formal or emphatic version could be:

• Asma kilit anahtar deliğinin yanındadır.

But in everyday Turkish, leaving out that ending is completely natural.

Asma kilit is the normal Turkish word for padlock.

Literally, asma comes from asmak, meaning to hang, so the expression originally suggests something like hanging lock. Turkish writes many compound expressions as two separate words, so even though English uses one word padlock, Turkish uses asma kilit.

So this is just the standard dictionary form you should learn as a set phrase.

Anahtar deliği is a Turkish noun compound meaning keyhole.

It is built like this:

• anahtar = key
• delik = hole
• deliği = hole + compound ending

In Turkish, many noun compounds are formed with:

• the first noun staying plain
• the second noun taking a suffix

So:

• anahtar deliği = key hole = keyhole

This is a very common Turkish pattern.

Because yanında normally takes a noun before it in the genitive form.

The pattern is:

• X-in yanında = next to X / beside X

So first you have:

• anahtar deliği = keyhole

Then you put that whole expression into the genitive:

• anahtar deliğinin = of the keyhole

So:

• anahtar deliğinin yanında = next to the keyhole

The important point is that the genitive ending goes on the last word of the noun phrase.

Literally, it comes from yan, meaning side.

Very roughly, you can think of it as:

• yan = side
• -ı = its
• -nda = in/at/on

So yanında literally feels like at its side.

That is why:

• bir şeyin yanında means next to something / beside something

So:

• anahtar deliğinin yanında = at the side of the keyhole = next to the keyhole

Because yanında shows location, while yanına shows movement toward something.

Compare:

• yanında = at its side / next to it
• yanına = to its side / to next to it

So in your sentence, the padlock is already located there:

• Asma kilit anahtar deliğinin yanında.

But if you were moving it there, you would use yanına:

• Asma kilidi anahtar deliğinin yanına koy. = Put the padlock next to the keyhole.

Yes, it is very normal.

Turkish often puts the main predicate at the end. Here:

• Asma kilit = the subject/topic
• anahtar deliğinin yanında = the predicate location

So the structure is basically:

• [padlock] [next to the keyhole]

That is a standard Turkish sentence pattern.

If you changed the order, the meaning would stay similar, but the emphasis could change.

Turkish does not have a word exactly like English the.

It can use bir for a/an, but it is not always necessary. Very often, Turkish leaves definiteness to context.

So a sentence like this can be understood as:

• The padlock is next to the keyhole
• or A padlock is next to the keyhole

depending on the situation.

English has to choose the or a, but Turkish often does not.

The Turkish ğ is usually not pronounced like a hard English g.

In words like deliğinin, it often:

• lengthens the vowel before it, or
• creates a very light glide between vowels

So you should not say a strong g sound.

A rough idea is that deliğinin sounds smoother, something like deh-lee-i-nin, rather than deh-lee-ghee-nin.

Yes. That is grammatically correct.

• yanında = everyday neutral
• yanındadır = more formal, more explicit, sometimes more emphatic

In normal conversation, Asma kilit anahtar deliğinin yanında sounds more natural. The version with -dır is common in formal writing, descriptions, or when the speaker wants to sound more definite.