Varış limanı bir deniz mili uzakta.

It is a common Turkish noun compound.

• varış = arrival
• liman = port
• varış limanı = arrival port, port of arrival, or more naturally destination port

In Turkish, this structure is very common: one noun describes another noun, and the second noun gets a special ending. So this is not exactly the same as an English possessive like the port of the arrival. It is just the normal way Turkish forms compounds like destination port.

Because in this kind of noun compound, the second noun usually takes the 3rd-person possessive ending.

So:

• liman = port
• limanı = its port / the port part of the compound

In varış limanı, that -ı is not really saying that someone owns the port. It is just part of the standard compound pattern.

You will see the same thing in many other words:

• otobüs durağı = bus stop
• yatak odası = bedroom
• yemek masası = dining table

Yes. deniz mili is also a noun compound.

• deniz = sea
• mil = mile
• deniz mili = nautical mile

Again, the second noun takes the compound ending:

• mil → mili

So the sentence contains two compounds:

• varış limanı = destination port
• deniz mili = nautical mile

uzakta means far away, at a distance, or away in this kind of sentence.

It comes from:

• uzak = far, distant
• uzakta = at a distant place / far away

In Turkish, [distance] + uzakta is a very common pattern:

• bir kilometre uzakta = one kilometer away
• iki metre uzakta = two meters away
• bir deniz mili uzakta = one nautical mile away

So in this sentence, uzakta is the main predicate idea: is one nautical mile away.

Both uzak and uzakta relate to distance, but uzakta is more natural in this kind of sentence.

• uzak = far, distant
• uzakta = far away, at a distance

With a specific measured distance, Turkish often prefers uzakta:

• Okul iki kilometre uzakta. = The school is two kilometers away.

If you used uzak, it would sound more like describing something as distant, while uzakta fits the idea of physical location better.

Because the locative suffix changes according to the sound before it.

The locative suffix is basically -DA, but its first consonant changes:

• after a voiced sound, it is usually -da / -de
• after a voiceless sound, it becomes -ta / -te

Since uzak ends in k, which is voiceless, the suffix becomes -ta:

• uzak + ta → uzakta

This is a regular sound rule in Turkish.

Turkish often omits the present-tense form of to be in simple sentences like this.

So:

• Varış limanı bir deniz mili uzakta. literally looks like
• Destination port one nautical mile away.

But the meaning is:

• The destination port is one nautical mile away.

Turkish does this very often in present-tense nominal sentences.

A more formal or emphatic version could include -dır:

• Varış limanı bir deniz mili uzaktadır.

But in everyday Turkish, leaving it out is completely normal.

Because it is functioning as a measure expression.

In Turkish, expressions of distance, length, weight, age, and similar measurements are often given in the basic form without extra case endings:

• iki kilometre uzakta = two kilometers away
• üç metre uzunluğunda = three meters long
• beş yaşında = five years old

Here, bir deniz mili simply tells you how far. The idea of location/distance is already carried by uzakta, so no extra case is needed on bir deniz mili.

This is a very normal, neutral word order.

• Varış limanı = topic / subject-like part
• bir deniz mili uzakta = predicate

So the structure is basically:

• [thing being described] + [distance expression + predicate]

Turkish often puts the main predicate at the end, so this sentence sounds natural and standard.

You can change word order in Turkish for emphasis, but this version is the most straightforward one.

Because Turkish does not have a word exactly like the English definite article the.

Whether something means a or the often depends on context.

So varış limanı can mean:

• a destination port
• the destination port

In a real context, it will usually be clear which one is meant. If both speaker and listener already know which port is being discussed, English naturally translates it as the destination port.

Yes, if you mean one mile away in a general sense.

But deniz mili specifically means nautical mile, which is important in marine and aviation contexts. It is not the same as the ordinary land mile used in everyday English.

So:

• bir mil uzakta = one mile away
• bir deniz mili uzakta = one nautical mile away

In this sentence, deniz mili is used because the context is clearly nautical: liman means port.

You can do both very easily.

Negative:

• Varış limanı bir deniz mili uzakta değil.
• The destination port is not one nautical mile away.

Question:

• Varış limanı bir deniz mili uzakta mı?
• Is the destination port one nautical mile away?

Here:

• değil makes it negative
• mı makes it a yes/no question

These are very common patterns in Turkish nominal sentences.