Pojken känner sig skyldig.

Because pojken is the definite form of pojke.

• en pojke = a boy
• pojken = the boy

In Swedish, the definite article is often attached to the end of the noun as a suffix.

So:

• Pojken känner sig skyldig. = The boy feels guilty.

Känner is the present tense of känna.

On its own, känna can mean things like:

• to feel
• to know (in the sense of being acquainted with someone)
• to sense

But in this sentence, it appears in the expression känna sig, which means to feel in the sense of feeling a certain way.

So:

• känner sig skyldig = feels guilty

Sig is a reflexive pronoun, meaning it refers back to the subject.

In Pojken känner sig skyldig, the boy is the one who is feeling something about himself, so Swedish uses sig.

A very literal translation would be:

• The boy feels himself guilty

But natural English is just:

• The boy feels guilty

This use of sig is very common after certain verbs, especially in expressions like:

• känna sig trött = feel tired
• känna sig glad = feel happy
• känna sig skyldig = feel guilty

Normally, no.

Use sig when the object refers back to the subject in the third person.

• Pojken känner sig skyldig. = The boy feels guilty.
  Here, sig refers back to pojken.

If you said honom, it would usually mean someone else, not the boy himself.

So:

• sig = himself / herself / itself / themselves, when it refers back to the subject
• honom = him

This is an important difference in Swedish.

Because skyldig agrees with pojken, which is:

• singular
• common gender (an en noun)

Swedish adjectives often change form depending on gender and number.

For skyldig:

• en pojke är skyldig = a boy is guilty
• ett barn är skyldigt = a child is guilty
• pojkarna är skyldiga = the boys are guilty

Since pojken is singular and common gender, skyldig is the correct form.

Often yes, but it depends on context.

Skyldig can mean:

• guilty
• at fault
• responsible

So in different contexts:

• Han är skyldig till brottet. = He is guilty of the crime.
• Det var inte mitt fel; jag var inte skyldig. = It wasn’t my fault; I wasn’t to blame.

In känna sig skyldig, it usually means feel guilty.

Because känner sig skyldig and är skyldig mean different things.

• Pojken känner sig skyldig = The boy feels guilty
• Pojken är skyldig = The boy is guilty / is at fault

The first is about the boy’s feeling or internal state.

The second is a more direct statement that he actually is guilty or responsible.

So Swedish uses:

• känna sig + adjective for feel + adjective
• vara + adjective for be + adjective

Yes, it is a very common and natural expression.

Swedish often uses känna sig + adjective to talk about how someone feels:

• känna sig trött = feel tired
• känna sig sjuk = feel ill
• känna sig nervös = feel nervous
• känna sig skyldig = feel guilty

So this sentence follows a very common pattern that is worth learning as a whole.

The word order is:

• Pojken = subject
• känner = verb
• sig = reflexive pronoun
• skyldig = adjective describing the subject

So the pattern is:

• Subject + verb + reflexive pronoun + adjective

This is standard Swedish word order in a simple main clause.

Skyldig can be tricky for English speakers.

A rough guide is:

• skyldig ≈ SHYL-dig, but not exactly

A few points:

• sk before y is pronounced with the Swedish sj-sound, which has no exact English equivalent
• y is also a Swedish vowel that does not exist in standard English
• the g in -ig is often softened in natural speech

So the exact pronunciation depends somewhat on accent and speaking style, but the main thing is to recognize it as the adjective meaning guilty.

No, not in normal English translation.

Even though känna can sometimes mean know in other contexts, känna sig + adjective is understood as feel + adjective.

So here:

• Pojken känner sig skyldig = The boy feels guilty

Not:

• The boy knows himself guilty

That literal version would sound unnatural in English and does not reflect how the Swedish expression is normally used.