Har du inte ätit än?

Because this is a yes/no question in Swedish. In main-clause yes/no questions, the finite verb usually comes first.

• Statement: Du har inte ätit än.
• Question: Har du inte ätit än?

So har moves to the front to make it a question, much like English Have you not eaten yet?

Har ätit is the present perfect.

It is formed with:

• har = present tense of ha
• ätit = the supine form of äta

It corresponds to English have eaten.

So the structure is:

• ha
  • supine
• har ätit = have eaten

Because after har, Swedish uses the supine form of the verb.

For äta:

• infinitive: äta = to eat
• present: äter = eat / is eating
• past: åt = ate
• supine: ätit = eaten, used after har

So:

• Jag åt = I ate
• Jag har ätit = I have eaten

That is why Har du inte ätit än? uses ätit.

In this kind of question, inte usually comes after the subject and before the main verb form.

Pattern:

• Har
  • subject + inte
    • supine/object/etc.

So:

• Har du inte ätit än?

This is normal Swedish word order for a yes/no question with an auxiliary verb.

Compare:

• Du har inte ätit än.
• Har du inte ätit än?

Here än means yet.

So inte ... än is a very common combination meaning not ... yet.

Examples:

• Jag är inte klar än. = I’m not ready yet.
• Hon har inte kommit än. = She hasn’t come yet.
• Har du inte ätit än? = Haven’t you eaten yet?

In this sentence, än naturally comes at the end.

They are very close in meaning. Both can mean Haven’t you eaten yet?

But there is a small nuance:

• än is very common and natural in everyday speech
• ännu can sound a bit more formal, careful, or emphatic in some contexts

So in ordinary conversation, än is often the most natural choice here.

Yes. A negative question like Har du inte ätit än? often suggests that the speaker is surprised or expected the opposite.

It can feel like:

• I thought you had eaten already.
• Really, not yet?

Compare:

• Har du ätit än? = Have you eaten yet?
  
  • more neutral
• Har du inte ätit än? = Haven’t you eaten yet?
  
  • often shows surprise, concern, or expectation

Yes, very often. Depending on tone and context, it can sound:

• surprised
• concerned
• caring
• slightly impatient

For example, if someone has been busy all day, Har du inte ätit än? might mean something like: Oh no, you still haven’t eaten?

So the grammar is the same, but the tone can change the feeling a lot.

Yes, very close.

Word by word:

• Har = have
• du = you
• inte = not
• ätit = eaten
• än = yet

So the Swedish sentence maps very neatly onto English Haven’t you eaten yet?

A common pronunciation is roughly:

• ätit ≈ EH-tit

A few helpful notes:

• ä sounds a bit like the e in bed
• the first syllable is stressed: Ätit
• the final t is clearly pronounced

The whole sentence is roughly:

• Har du inte ätit än?
• har du in-teh EH-tit en?

That is only an approximation, but it can help at the beginning.

Yes, you can, and it means almost the same thing.

• Har du inte ätit än? = the most natural everyday version
• Har du ännu inte ätit? = also correct, but a bit more formal or emphatic

The second version places more focus on still not. In normal spoken Swedish, learners will hear inte ... än very often.