Jag väntar på dig vid stationen.

In Swedish, when you mean wait for someone/something, you normally use the expression vänta på.

• Jag väntar på dig = I am waiting for you
• Vi väntar på bussen = We are waiting for the bus

Using just vänta without på is possible in some contexts, but then it usually means simply wait rather than wait for someone or something.

So in this sentence, på belongs with the verb phrase väntar på.

They do different jobs:

• på in väntar på dig belongs to the verb phrase vänta på = wait for
• vid in vid stationen tells you the location = by / at / near the station

So:

• vänta på dig = wait for you
• vid stationen = by the station

Even though both words can sometimes translate as at, on, or for in English depending on context, they are not interchangeable here.

Because dig is the object form of du.

Compare:

• du = you, as the subject
• dig = you, as the object

Examples:

• Du väntar. = You are waiting.
• Jag väntar på dig. = I am waiting for you.

After a preposition like på, Swedish uses the object form, so dig is required.

Stationen is the definite form, meaning the station.

Swedish often adds the definite article to the end of the noun:

• en station = a station
• stationen = the station

So vid stationen literally means by the station.

This is a very common feature of Swedish nouns.

Not exactly.

• vid stationen usually means by the station, near the station, or at the station area
• på stationen usually means at the station in the sense of being physically there, often more inside/on the premises

In many everyday situations, both can be possible, but they give slightly different spatial feelings.

• Jag väntar vid stationen = I’m waiting by the station
• Jag väntar på stationen = I’m waiting at the station

In your sentence, vid stationen suggests the person is waiting by or near the station.

The basic Swedish order here is:

subject + verb + object/complement + place

So:

• Jag = subject
• väntar = verb
• på dig = part of the verb phrase / complement
• vid stationen = place expression

This is a very normal Swedish sentence order.

You can sometimes move parts around for emphasis, for example:

• Vid stationen väntar jag på dig.

But the neutral, standard order is the one in your sentence.

In modern Swedish, verbs do not change according to the subject the way English verbs sometimes do.

So you get:

• jag väntar = I wait / am waiting
• du väntar = you wait / are waiting
• han väntar = he waits / is waiting
• vi väntar = we wait / are waiting

The form väntar stays the same.

That makes Swedish verb conjugation simpler than English in this way.

It can mean both.

Swedish present tense often covers both:

• I wait
• I am waiting

So Jag väntar på dig can mean:

• I wait for you
• I am waiting for you

The exact meaning depends on context.

You add inte.

The natural position is after the verb:

• Jag väntar inte på dig vid stationen.

That means I am not waiting for you by the station.

So the pattern is often:

subject + verb + inte + rest

In careful speech, jag is often pronounced roughly like yah.

In everyday spoken Swedish, it is very often reduced, especially in casual conversation. You may hear something closer to:

• ja
• sometimes even a very weak j

So although it is spelled jag, the pronunciation is often lighter than an English speaker expects.

Yes. The structure stays the same. You just replace dig with another object pronoun or noun.

Examples:

• Jag väntar på er vid stationen. = I’m waiting for you all by the station.
• Jag väntar på honom vid stationen. = I’m waiting for him by the station.
• Jag väntar på Anna vid stationen. = I’m waiting for Anna by the station.

So the pattern is:

Jag väntar på + person + vid stationen

Yes. Swedish allows that, especially for emphasis or style.

For example:

• Vid stationen väntar jag på dig.

This still means the same thing, but it emphasizes the location more.

When a non-subject element comes first in a main clause, Swedish normally uses verb-second word order, so the verb still comes in the second position:

• Vid stationen
  • väntar
    • jag
      • på dig

That is an important Swedish word-order rule.