Mwanasheria atamshtaki mwajiri.

Because the sentence follows the normal Swahili order Subject – Verb – Object:

• Mwanasheria = the lawyer / a lawyer
• atamshtaki = will sue him/her
• mwajiri = the employer / an employer

So the first noun is the doer of the action, and the noun after the verb is the person affected by it.

The verb also helps:

• a- matches a singular human subject
• -m- matches a singular human object

So the grammar clearly points to the lawyer suing the employer, not the other way around.

It can be broken down like this:

• a- = he/she (subject marker for a singular person)
• -ta- = future tense
• -m- = him/her (object marker for a singular person)
• -shtaki = sue / accuse / bring a case against

So atamshtaki literally means something like:

he/she-will-him/her-sue

In smooth English, that becomes he/she will sue him/her.

This is very common in Swahili, especially when the object is:

• human
• specific
• or already clear in the speaker’s mind

So in atamshtaki mwajiri, the -m- inside the verb already points to mwajiri.

English usually does not do this, so it can feel redundant at first. But in Swahili it is very natural. You can think of it as the verb agreeing with the object as well as with the subject.

No. Swahili does not mark gender here.

• a- can mean he or she
• -m- can mean him or her
• mwanasheria can mean male lawyer or female lawyer
• mwajiri can mean male employer or female employer

You only know the gender if the wider context tells you.

Because noun prefixes and verb agreement markers are related, but they are not always identical.

Both mwanasheria and mwajiri belong to the singular human noun class (often called class 1). In this class:

• nouns often begin with m- or mw-
• the subject marker on the verb is a-
• the object marker is m-

So:

• mwanasheria = singular human noun
• a-ta-m-shtaki = he/she will sue him/her

This is normal class agreement in Swahili.

The plurals are:

• mwanasheria → wanasheria = lawyers
• mwajiri → waajiri = employers

If both become plural, the sentence could be:

Wanasheria watawashtaki waajiri.

Breakdown:

• wa- = they
• -ta- = future
• -wa- = them
• -shtaki = sue

So that means The lawyers will sue the employers.

Because Swahili does not usually use articles like English a/an and the.

So:

• mwanasheria can mean a lawyer or the lawyer
• mwajiri can mean an employer or the employer

Which one is meant depends on context.

That is why the sentence can be understood as either:

• A lawyer will sue an employer
• The lawyer will sue the employer
• The lawyer will sue an employer

and so on, depending on the situation.

Because -shtaki is one of the Swahili verbs, often of foreign origin, that commonly keeps -i in its basic finite form.

Its infinitive is:

• kushtaki = to sue / accuse / report

So forms like these are normal:

• anamshtaki = he/she is suing him/her
• atamshtaki = he/she will sue him/her
• alimshtaki = he/she sued him/her

Not every Swahili verb behaves like the very common -a verbs, so this is something learners just get used to over time.

Not always. Kushtaki can have a range of meanings depending on context, such as:

• to sue
• to accuse
• to report
• to bring a complaint against
• sometimes to prosecute, depending on the situation

In this sentence, because the subject is a lawyer and the object is an employer, will sue is the most natural translation.

No. Swahili usually shows tense inside the verb rather than with a separate word.

Here, -ta- is the future marker:

• a-ta-m-shtaki

So English will sue is expressed by the one verb form atamshtaki.

That is a very common pattern in Swahili:

• a-na-... = present / ongoing
• a-li-... = past
• a-ta-... = future