Suruali yangu iliyolowa mvua bado haijakauka.

A natural breakdown is:

• Suruali = trousers / pants
• yangu = my
• iliyolowa mvua = that got wet in the rain
• bado = still / yet
• haijakauka = has not dried / is not dry yet

So the structure is basically:

• Suruali yangu iliyolowa mvua = my trousers that got wet in the rain
• bado haijakauka = still has not dried / is not dry yet

Swahili normally does not use articles like English a/an/the.

Whether a noun is definite or indefinite is usually understood from context. In this sentence, yangu already makes suruali specific, so suruali yangu naturally means my trousers.

In Swahili, the noun usually comes first, and possessives come after it.

So:

• suruali yangu = my trousers
• not yangu suruali

This noun-first pattern is very common in Swahili:

• kitabu changu = my book
• rafiki yangu = my friend
• nyumba yangu = my house

In this sentence, suruali is being treated as a singular noun in Swahili grammar, even though English trousers/pants refers to something with two legs.

That is why the agreements are singular:

• yangu
• iliyolowa
• haijakauka

So here suruali means one pair of trousers/pants.

Possessives in Swahili change to match the noun class of the thing owned.

Here, suruali is being treated as a class 9 singular noun, and the possessive stem -angu takes the class 9 form:

• yangu = my

So it is not just a fixed word for my. It changes depending on the noun class. For example:

• mtoto wangu = my child
• kitabu changu = my book
• suruali yangu = my trousers

Iliyolowa means that got wet.

It can be broken down like this:

• i- = subject agreement for class 9 singular
• -li- = past tense
• -yo- = relative marker, giving the sense of that/which
• -lowa = become wet / get wet

So iliyolowa literally means something like it-PAST-that-got-wet, or more naturally, that got wet.

Because in Swahili, relative meanings like that or which are often built into the verb itself.

So instead of saying something like:

• suruali yangu that got wet

Swahili says:

• suruali yangu iliyolowa

The idea of that/which is carried by the relative part -yo- inside the verb form.

This is because kulowa mvua is a natural Swahili expression meaning to get wet in the rain or to be soaked by rain.

English prefers a prepositional phrase:

• got wet in the rain

But Swahili can express that idea more directly with mvua after the verb:

• kulowa mvua

So iliyolowa mvua is a normal way to say that got wet in the rain.

It means it is still not dry or it has not dried yet.

Here is the breakdown:

• bado = still / yet
• ha- = negative
• i- = subject agreement for class 9 singular
• -ja- = perfect marker
• kauka = dry up / become dry

So haijakauka means it has not dried, and with bado, the sense becomes it has not dried yet or it still isn’t dry.

Because Swahili commonly uses bado plus a negative perfect form to express not yet.

So:

• bado haijakauka = it has not dried yet

This is a very common pattern in Swahili:

• bado sijala = I haven’t eaten yet
• bado hajasema = he/she hasn’t spoken yet
• bado haijakauka = it hasn’t dried yet

You would change the agreement to plural:

• Suruali zangu zilizolowa mvua bado hazijakauka.

The noun suruali often stays the same in form, but the agreements change:

• yangu → zangu
• iliyolowa → zilizolowa
• haijakauka → hazijakauka

So the grammar shows the plural, even though the noun itself may not visibly change.