Dada yangu anapenda blauzi ya njano kuliko fulana nyeusi.

That is normal Swahili word order. Possessives usually come after the noun, not before it.

So:

• dada yangu = literally sister my
• rafiki yangu = my friend
• kitabu changu = my book

English puts the possessive first, but Swahili usually puts it second.

This is a common pattern with some human nouns, especially family words such as mama, baba, kaka, and dada. They often use possessive forms like yangu, yako, yake.

So dada yangu is the normal way to say my sister.

But when the noun is the subject of a verb, it still takes normal human subject agreement:

• dada yangu anapenda = my sister likes

So this is one of those patterns that is best learned as a set phrase.

Anapenda can be broken down like this:

• a- = he/she
• -na- = present / ongoing / habitual marker
• -penda = like, love

So anapenda means he/she likes or he/she loves, depending on context.

It can mean either one. The verb kupenda covers both ideas.

In this sentence, likes ... more than ... is the most natural English choice, because the sentence is comparing preferences. In other contexts, kupenda can be stronger and mean love.

Kuliko means than or more than in comparisons.

So the pattern is:

X anapenda A kuliko B
= X likes A more than B

In this sentence, it connects the two things being compared:

• blauzi ya njano
• fulana nyeusi

Yes, very often they do. Swahili usually puts descriptions after the noun.

For example:

• fulana nyeusi = black T-shirt
• dada yangu = my sister

So compared with English, Swahili often feels like noun first, description second.

Because Swahili can express colors in more than one way.

• nyeusi is a regular adjective, so it can directly describe the noun:
  fulana nyeusi = black T-shirt

• njano is often used in a structure that is more like of yellow:
  blauzi ya njano = yellow blouse

So both are natural, but they are built differently:

• direct adjective: nyeusi
• associative color phrase: ya njano

Ya is a linking word that connects the noun to njano in the sense of of yellow.

So:

• blauzi ya njano = literally something like blouse of yellow

It also shows agreement with the noun. Here blauzi is treated as a singular class 9 noun, so the linker is ya.

If it were plural, you would normally get:

• blauzi za njano = yellow blouses

So ya is not random; it is part of the agreement system.

That is a very good question. Many Swahili loanwords, including blauzi and fulana, often have the same form in singular and plural.

So the noun itself may not change, and you have to look at agreement words or context.

For example:

• blauzi ya njano = singular
• blauzi za njano = plural

With fulana, the form often stays fulana in both singular and plural too, so context tells you what is meant.

Swahili does not normally use articles like English a, an, and the.

So a noun like blauzi can mean:

• a blouse
• the blouse
• just blouse

The exact meaning depends on context. That is completely normal in Swahili.