Kwa uhakika, mhasibu wetu anaelezea kila gharama kwa uwazi.

For sure, our accountant explains every cost clearly.

Breakdown of Kwa uhakika, mhasibu wetu anaelezea kila gharama kwa uwazi.

• kila: every
• wetu: our
• gharama: the cost
• mhasibu: the accountant
• kwa uhakika: for sure
• kuelezea: to explain
• kwa uwazi: clearly

Questions & Answers about Kwa uhakika, mhasibu wetu anaelezea kila gharama kwa uwazi.

What’s the word-by-word breakdown of the sentence, and how is the verb built?

• Kwa uhakika = with certainty (a sentence adverb meaning “surely/indeed”).
• mhasibu wetu = our accountant (human noun + class-1 possessive).
• anaelezea = a- (3rd person sg subject) + -na- (present/habitual) + elezea (verb “to explain/elaborate”; from eleza with the applicative extension -ea).
• kila = every (always takes a singular noun).
• gharama = expense/cost (N-class; same form for singular and plural).
• kwa uwazi = with openness; transparently (kwa + abstract noun = adverb of manner).

Why is kwa used before uhakika and uwazi?

In Swahili, kwa + abstract noun commonly forms an adverbial phrase of manner, degree, or attitude:

• kwa uhakika = with certainty, surely
• kwa uwazi = with openness, transparently Other examples: kwa urahisi (easily), kwa hasira (angrily), kwa makini (carefully).

Is Kwa uhakika the same as Kwa hakika or Kwa kweli?

They’re close, with slight nuance and frequency differences:

• Kwa hakika and Kwa kweli are very common for “indeed/surely/actually.”
• Kwa uhakika literally “with certainty,” also fine, slightly more literal/formal-sounding.
• You can also use Hakika, ... as a standalone sentence adverb (“Indeed, ...”).

What’s the difference between kwa uwazi, waziwazi, and wazi?

• kwa uwazi = “transparently/openly” (more formal/neutral; common in business/governance contexts).
• waziwazi = “openly/plainly” (colloquial-emphatic).
• wazi is an adjective “open/clear.” As an adverb, prefer waziwazi or kwa uwazi.
  Examples:
• Anaelezea kila gharama kwa uwazi.
• Anaelezea kila gharama waziwazi.

Why is it wetu (our) and not yetu after mhasibu?

Possessives agree with noun class. Mhasibu is class 1 (human, singular), whose possessive forms take the w- set:

• wangu, wako, wake, wetu, wenu, wao.
  Yetu is used with N-class nouns (class 9/10), e.g., nyumba yetu (our house).

Is mhasibu ever said as muhasibu, and how do I pronounce it?

Both mhasibu and muhasibu are heard; the extra vowel is often inserted in speech to ease the cluster mh-. Either pronunciation will be understood:

• mhasibu: [mha-SI-bu] (you may hear a syllabic m).
• muhasibu: [mu-ha-SI-bu].
  Both forms appear in real-world usage; your sentence with mhasibu is fine.

How do you pronounce the gh in gharama?

Traditionally gh represents a voiced velar fricative [ɣ], but many speakers pronounce it like a hard g. Both are widely understood:

• [ɣa-RA-ma] or [ga-RA-ma].
  Also, roll the r lightly.

Why anaelezea and not anaeleza?

Both are correct, with nuance:

• eleza = explain.
• elezea = explain to/describe/elaborate (applicative -ea).
  Elezea often suggests more detail or an implied recipient. In this sentence either verb works; elezea fits well with the sense of laying things out transparently.

Should there be an object marker for gharama in the verb?

Not here. Object markers are typically used when the object is specific/topical or pronominalized. Kila gharama (“each expense”) is non-specific.
With specific objects, you could use:

• Singular (class 9): Gharama hiyo, mhasibu wetu anaielezea kwa uwazi.
• Plural (class 10): Gharama hizo, mhasibu wetu anazielezea kwa uwazi.

Does kila force a singular noun? How would I say “all expenses” instead of “each expense”?

• kila always takes a singular noun: kila gharama = each expense.
• “All expenses” = gharama zote (N-class plural takes zote for “all”). Nuance: kila = each one individually; zote = the whole set collectively.

What noun class is gharama, and what agreements does it take?

Gharama is N-class (class 9/10): same form for singular and plural.

• Demonstratives: gharama hii (this expense), gharama hizi (these expenses).
• “All”: gharama yote (all of the expense, entire cost), gharama zote (all expenses).
• Object markers: singular i-, plural zi- (e.g., anaielezea, anazielezea).

Can I move kwa uhakika or kwa uwazi to other positions, and do I need the comma?

Yes, adverbials are flexible, and the comma after a fronted adverbial is optional:

• Kwa uhakika mhasibu wetu anaelezea kila gharama kwa uwazi.
• Mhasibu wetu anaelezea kila gharama kwa uwazi, kwa uhakika.
• Mhasibu wetu anaelezea kwa uwazi kila gharama.
  Use a comma mainly for readability when the adverbial is at the start.

What are some natural synonyms for “explain” here?

• fafanua (clarify, expound): Mhasibu wetu anafafanua kila gharama kwa uwazi.
• bainisha (specify/point out): … anbainisha kila gharama …
• weka wazi (make clear): … anaweka wazi kila gharama.
  All fit slightly different tones (formal/informative).

How would I change the tense (past, perfect, future)?

• Present/habitual: anaelezea
• Past: alielezea (he/she explained)
• Perfect/completive: ameelezea (he/she has explained)
• Future: ataelezea (he/she will explain)
  Example: Kwa uhakika, mhasibu wetu alielezea kila gharama kwa uwazi.