Ninajaza termosi kwa chai asubuhi, na dada yangu hubeba termosi hiyo darasani.

The prefix hu- marks the habitual or general-present aspect: “usually/typically/regularly.” With this marker, Swahili does not use a subject prefix on the verb. The subject is supplied by the noun phrase before the verb.

• Example: Dada yangu hubeba … = My sister usually carries …
• For other persons you still use hu-:
  
  • Mimi hujaza … (I usually fill …)
  • Wewe hujaza … (You usually fill …)
  • Sisi hubeba … (We usually carry …)

You should not combine a subject prefix with habitual hu- (so not “anahubeba,” etc.).

Yes, but the meaning shifts:

• hubeba = she usually/typically carries (habit).
• anabeba = she is carrying (right now) or, depending on context, a general present (“she carries”), but it doesn’t by itself highlight habit as clearly as hu- does.

If you want to keep the idea of a routine, hubeba is the most precise.

With the verb -jaza (to fill), both are heard:

• jaza X kwa Y is common and feels neutral/standard for “fill X with Y.”
• jaza X na Y also occurs in everyday speech and is widely understood.

So both Ninajaza termosi kwa chai and Ninajaza termosi na chai are acceptable. Using kwa often feels a bit more “by means of/with (as contents).”

The suffix -ni makes a locative: “in/at/on.”

• darasa (class/classroom) → darasani = “in class/in the classroom.”
  Common parallels:
• nyumba → nyumbani (at home)
• soko → sokoni (at the market)
• shule → shuleni (at school)

Hiyo is the class 9/10 demonstrative meaning “that (near you/just mentioned).” It refers back to the thermos already introduced. For class 9/10 (which includes many borrowed N-class nouns like termosi), the basic demonstratives are:

• hii = this
• hiyo = that (near the listener or anaphoric/previously mentioned)
• ile = that (far from both)

Hence: termosi hii / termosi hiyo / termosi ile.

The possessive must agree with the noun’s class. Dada belongs to the N-class (9/10), which takes y- in the possessive: yangu, yako, yake, yetu, yenu, yao. So:

• dada yangu = my sister Compare:
• Class 1 (m-/wa-) nouns take w-: mtoto wangu (my child), mwalimu wangu (my teacher).
• N-class examples with y-: chai yangu (my tea), nguo yangu (my garment), baba yangu, mama yangu, dada yangu.

The mix is allowed and can reflect nuance:

• Ninajaza … asubuhi can be read as a present action (“I am filling this morning”) or a general present; context decides.
• hubeba explicitly marks a habitual routine.

If you want both to be clearly habitual, you can say:

• Mimi hujaza termosi kwa chai asubuhi, na dada yangu huibeba darasani. Here huibeba uses the object marker -i- (“it,” agreeing with class 9) and drops “termosi hiyo.”

Yes. In everyday speech, the initial subject + tense sequence often contracts:

• ninajaza → najaza
• ninaenda → naenda Both are understood; the full forms are more careful/formal.

No preposition is needed. You can place it at the beginning or end:

• Asubuhi ninajaza termosi kwa chai.
• Ninajaza termosi kwa chai asubuhi. Fronting it places emphasis on the time.

Yes. Use the class 9 object marker -i- in the verb and omit the noun:

• … na dada yangu huibeba darasani.
  This means “and my sister usually carries it to class.”
  (Structure: hu-
  • -i- (object marker for class 9) + beba.)

It’s optional. Swahili punctuation is flexible here. The comma can help readability when joining two independent clauses, but you can also write it without the comma:

• Ninajaza … asubuhi na dada yangu hubeba …