Wafanyakazi wamehamisha bidhaa nzito kutoka ghala kwenda dukani.

Workers have moved heavy goods from the warehouse to the shop.

Breakdown of Wafanyakazi wamehamisha bidhaa nzito kutoka ghala kwenda dukani.

• kwenda: to go
• kutoka: from
• duka: the shop
• nzito: heavy
• mfanyakazi: the worker
• kuhamisha: to move
• bidhaa: the goods
• ghala: the warehouse

Questions & Answers about Wafanyakazi wamehamisha bidhaa nzito kutoka ghala kwenda dukani.

What does wamehamisha mean and how is it constructed?

wamehamisha means “they have moved.” It breaks down as:

• wa-: subject prefix for class 2 (plural of mfanyakazi)
• -me-: perfect/progressive tense marker
• hamisha: verb root “move [something]” (causative of hamia)

Why is the root hamisha used instead of hamia?

hamia means “to move oneself” or “to migrate.” To express “move something,” Swahili adds the causative suffix -isha to hamia, yielding hamisha (“cause to move”).

What roles do kutoka and kwenda play in this sentence?

These are infinitival prepositions:

• kutoka = “from” (indicates source)
• kwenda = “to/go to” (indicates destination)
  They link the nouns ghala (“warehouse”) and dukani (“shop”) without further conjugation.

Why doesn’t ghala take a locative suffix, whereas duka becomes dukani?

After the preposition kutoka (“from”), the noun stays in its base form (ghala). To express “to/at the shop,” you add the locative suffix -ni on duka, giving dukani.

Why is nzito placed after bidhaa, and how does it agree?

Swahili adjectives follow the noun. bidhaa belongs to noun class 9 (inanimate), which uses nasal agreement for adjectives. The root zito (“heavy”) surfaces as nzito after bidhaa, matching its class.

What noun class is wafanyakazi, and how is its singular formed?

wafanyakazi is class 2 (plural) of class 1/2. The singular (class 1) is mfanyakazi (“worker”). Class 2 prefix: wa-; class 1 prefix: m- or mw-.

How would you form a passive version of this sentence?

Promote the object (bidhaa nzito) to subject and use the passive suffix -wa (+ perfect marker):
Bidhaa nzito zimehamishiwa kutoka ghala kwenda dukani.
Here zi- is the class 9 subject prefix, -me- the perfect marker, and hamishiwa the passive of hamisha.

How can you change the tense to simple past or future?

Replace the perfect marker -me- with -li- for simple past or -ta- for future:

• Simple past: Wafanyakazi walihamisha bidhaa nzito kutoka ghala kwenda dukani.
• Future: Wafanyakazi watahamisha bidhaa nzito kutoka ghala kwenda dukani.