Mimi ninasoma makala kuhusu kilimo kila mchana.

I read an article about farming every afternoon.

Breakdown of Mimi ninasoma makala kuhusu kilimo kila mchana.

• mimi: I
• kusoma: to read
• kila: every
• mchana: the afternoon
• kuhusu: about
• kilimo: the farming
• makala: the article

Questions & Answers about Mimi ninasoma makala kuhusu kilimo kila mchana.

What is the role of Mimi at the beginning of the sentence?

Mimi is the subject pronoun “I.” In Swahili it’s optional because the verb prefix ni- in ninasoma already tells you the subject is “I.” You include Mimi only for emphasis or clarity.

Could we drop Mimi and just say Ninasoma makala kuhusu kilimo kila mchana?

Yes. In everyday Swahili you usually omit the pronoun. Ninasoma makala kuhusu kilimo kila mchana is perfectly correct and more natural.

How is the verb ninasoma formed?

It breaks down into four parts:
• Ni- (subject prefix for “I”)
• -na- (present‐tense marker, carrying either habitual or continuous meaning)
• soma (verb root “read/study”)
• -a (final vowel)

What exactly does the -na- in ninasoma indicate?

In Swahili -na- marks the present tense. It can express:
• A habitual action (“I read every day”)
• A current, ongoing action (“I am reading right now”)
Context tells you which.

Why isn’t there an object marker before makala? Could we include one?

Object markers are optional when the object is a full noun. Swahili speakers almost always just place the noun after the verb. You would only use an object marker for:
• Pronouns (e.g. ninasoma-ni “I read it”)
• Special emphasis or brevity

What does kuhusu mean, and why is it used before kilimo?

kuhusu is a preposition meaning “about/regarding.” It takes a noun directly:
“makala kuhusu kilimo” = “an article about agriculture.”

How do we say “every afternoon” with kila mchana?

kila is a distributive determiner meaning “every.” It is invariable across all noun classes and is followed by a singular noun:
• kila mchana = every afternoon

Can we move kila mchana to the front of the sentence?

Yes. Time expressions in Swahili are flexible. For emphasis you can say:
Kila mchana ninasoma makala kuhusu kilimo.
The meaning stays exactly the same.

What noun class is mchana, and what is its plural?

mchana (“afternoon/daytime”) is class 3 (singular prefix m-, root -chana). Its plural is class 4: michana.

What’s the nuance between makala kuhusu kilimo and makala za kilimo?

• makala kuhusu kilimo = “articles about agriculture” (focus on topic)
• makala za kilimo = “agricultural articles” (articles belonging to the agriculture category)