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Questions & Answers about Mbegu hizo zikiota vizuri, tutakuwa na chakula cha kutosha mwaka ujao.
What does the -ki- marker in zikiota indicate?
The -ki- is the conditional/temporal connector (the “if/when” marker) in Swahili protasis clauses. In zikiota, you have:
• zi- (subject concord for mbegu)
• -ki- (if/when)
• ota (verb root “sprout”)
So zikiota literally means “if/when the seeds sprout.”
Why does zikiota start with zi-?
All Swahili verbs must agree with their subject via a prefix called a subject concord. mbegu (seeds) belongs to a noun class whose present‐conditional subject concord is zi-, so zi- marks “the seeds” as the subject of ota.
What is the verb root in zikiota, and what does it mean?
The root is ota, meaning “to sprout” or “to germinate.” Everything else (zi- and -ki-) wraps around that core meaning.
How else could we say “if the seeds sprout well” in Swahili?
You could use:
• Ikiwa mbegu hizo zitakua vizuri, …
– ikiwa = “if”
– zitakua = “they will grow”
• Zitakapoota vizuri, …
– zi- (subject concord) + -ta- (future) + -ki- (when) + ota (sprout)
– Means “when they have sprouted.”
Why is it mbegu hizo and not mbegu hizi?
Both hizi and hizo are plural demonstratives for classes 9/10. hizi is proximal (“these here” near the speaker); hizo is medial/distal (“those there” near the listener or previously mentioned). Use hizi if the seeds are right by you, hizo otherwise.
In chakula cha kutosha, what role does cha play?
cha is the genitive/linking particle for class 7 (which chakula belongs to). It links chakula (“food”) to kutosha (“to suffice”), so you get “food of sufficiency” = “enough food.”
What does kutosha mean here?
kutosha is the infinitive of tosha, meaning “to suffice” or “to be enough.” So chakula cha kutosha literally is “food to suffice.”
Could we say chakula kitakachoshiba instead of chakula cha kutosha?
Yes. chakula kitakachoshiba uses a future relative clause:
• ki- (class 7 concord)
• -ta- (future)
• -ka- (relative “when/that”)
• -osh- (root “satisfy”) + -iba (extension)
It means “food that will satisfy (your hunger).” The infinitive version (cha kutosha) is shorter for “enough food,” but both are valid.
What does mwaka ujao mean, and where does ujao come from?
mwaka ujao literally is “the year coming,” i.e. “next year.” ujao is derived from kuja (“to come”) as a participle/adjectival noun meaning “that which is coming.”
Why does jao have a u- prefix in ujao?
Adjectival nouns must agree with the noun they modify. mwaka is class 3, whose adjective concord is u-, so jao becomes ujao.
Could we say mwaka utakapokuja instead of mwaka ujao?
Absolutely. mwaka utakapokuja is a relative‐clause form:
• u- (class 3 concord)
• -ta- (future)
• -ka- (when/that)
• kuja (come)
It literally means “the year that will come” and also translates as “next year.”
Is the comma after zikiota vizuri mandatory?
No. Punctuation in Swahili is flexible. The comma clarifies the break between the protasis (“if/when” clause) and the main clause, but in informal writing you may omit it. It’s recommended for readability, however.
