Mimi ninapika chakula kwa mkaa.

I cook food with charcoal.

Breakdown of Mimi ninapika chakula kwa mkaa.

• mimi: I
• kupika: to cook
• chakula: the food
• kwa: with
• mkaa: the charcoal

Questions & Answers about Mimi ninapika chakula kwa mkaa.

What is the role of Mimi in this sentence? Is it necessary?

Mimi is the explicit subject pronoun meaning “I.” In Swahili, the subject is already marked on the verb by the prefix ni-, so you don’t need Mimi for the sentence to be grammatical. You include it only for emphasis or clarity.
Example without Mimi:
Ninapika chakula kwa mkaa.

Why is ninapika written as one word, and what are its parts?

Swahili verbs are agglutinative: you glue subject, tense/aspect, and the verb root together. In ninapika:

• ni- = subject marker “I”
• -na- = present-tense (or progressive/habitual) marker
• pika = verb root “cook”
  Together ninapika literally means “I (am) cooking” or “I cook.”

What is the infinitive form of pika, and when would I use it?

The infinitive (dictionary) form is kupika, meaning “to cook.” You use kupika when you need a non-conjugated verb, for example after another verb or a modal construction:
Nataka kupika chakula. = “I want to cook food.”

Why is chakula singular here? Can it be plural?

Chakula is a class 7 noun typically treated as a mass noun (“food” in general), so it’s usually singular. If you want to specify different kinds of foods, you could use the class 8 plural vyakula (“foods”):
Ninapika vyakula kwa mkaa. = “I cook various foods over charcoal.”

What does kwa mean in kwa mkaa, and why not another preposition?

In this context kwa indicates the instrument or means—“by/with/using charcoal.” It tells you what fuel you’re using to cook.

Could I say na mkaa instead of kwa mkaa?

You could say na mkaa, but that normally means “together with charcoal” rather than “using charcoal as fuel.” Kwa mkaa is the standard way to express the instrument or medium.

What exactly is mkaa? How is it different from kuni?

Mkaa is “charcoal,” burned wood that is used as fuel. Kuni is “firewood” (unburned wood). If you cook over sticks or logs you say kwa kuni, but if it’s the black coals you say kwa mkaa.

How do I change this sentence to past or future tense?

You replace the present-tense marker -na- with:

• Past: -li- → nilipika chakula kwa mkaa. = “I cooked food over charcoal.”
• Future: -ta- → nitapika chakula kwa mkaa. = “I will cook food over charcoal.”

Does ninapika mean “I am cooking right now” or “I cook (habitually)”?

The marker -na- can indicate either an ongoing action or a habitual/general present. Context tells you which:

• Ongoing: (pointing at the pot) Ninapika chakula kwa mkaa. = “I’m cooking food over charcoal (right now).”
• Habitual: Kila asubuhi ninapika chakula kwa mkaa. = “Every morning I cook food over charcoal.”