Mimi nina kitabu.

I

Breakdown of Mimi nina kitabu.

• kuwa na: to have
• kitabu: the book

Questions & Answers about Mimi nina kitabu.

Why does the sentence start with Mimi if ni inside nina already indicates “I”?

In Swahili, the subject marker (such as ni for “I”) is part of the verb conjugation. Adding Mimi (meaning “I” or “me”) makes the subject clear and can add emphasis. You can often omit Mimi in everyday conversation, but when it’s there, it’s like saying “I myself have a book.”

Is it correct to drop the word Mimi and just say Nina kitabu?

Yes, Nina kitabu is perfectly correct. Swahili is a pro-drop language, meaning the subject pronoun can be dropped because the subject marker (ni) already shows who is doing the action. Using Mimi is stylistic or emphatic.

Why do we say nina for “I have” instead of something like niko na?

Swahili has different verbs and expressions to convey possession. Nina is from the verb kuwa na, which can change forms depending on who is speaking. For the first person singular, it becomes nina. The form niko na literally means “I am with,” which is also used to mean “I have,” but nina is often more direct when stating possession of something.

What is the role of kitabu in this sentence?

Kitabu is the direct object meaning “book,” showing what the speaker possesses. In Swahili, nouns also have classes, and kitabu belongs to the ki-/vi- class (Class 7/8). Over time, you’ll learn how noun classes affect adjectives, verbs, and agreements in sentences.