We use es because this sentence describes a characteristic or general quality of the subject.
Here, small is being presented as a characteristic of la incidencia, so es is the normal choice.
So:
Using está pequeña would usually sound unnatural here.
It depends on context. Incidencia can mean several related things in Spanish, including:
So even if the meaning has already been given to you, it is useful to know that incidencia is broader in Spanish than English incidence often is.
Normally, no. In a standard sentence like this, Spanish usually needs the article.
So:
Spanish often uses the definite article with nouns where English might not use one, especially when talking about a known concept, category, or measure.
It is grammatically correct, but depending on the context, Spanish speakers might often prefer a different adjective.
For example, if you are talking about a rate, frequency, or statistical incidence, these may sound more natural:
Pequeña is still understandable and correct, but baja is often more idiomatic for things like rates, levels, or incidence.
In standard Peninsular Spanish, approximately:
la in-thi-DHEN-thya es pe-KE-nya
A few key pronunciation points:
A more phonetic version: