Habida cuenta de que el banco actúa, esperamos.

It is a fixed, formal linking expression used to introduce a reason or circumstance.

A useful way to think about it is:

• habida cuenta de + noun
• habida cuenta de que + clause

So in your sentence, habida cuenta de que el banco actúa introduces the reason/background for the main clause esperamos.

This expression is especially common in:

• formal writing
• legal language
• administrative or academic prose

It is much less common in everyday conversation.

Because this is an old, fossilised expression built around cuenta, which is a feminine singular noun.

Historically, habida is a past participle agreeing with cuenta:

• habida cuenta

So the form stays feminine singular because of cuenta. In modern Spanish, learners should usually treat habida cuenta de as a set phrase rather than trying to analyse it as a normal productive grammar pattern.

Not literally. Here, cuenta has the older sense of calculation, reckoning, or consideration.

That is why the whole expression is related in idea to things like:

• taking into account
• considering
• in view of

So although cuenta can mean account, in habida cuenta de it is not talking about a bank account. It is part of a fixed idiomatic expression.

Yes, mostly.

The key is that the basic expression is habida cuenta de. After that:

• if a noun phrase follows, you keep de
  
  • habida cuenta de la situación
• if a full clause follows, Spanish uses de que
  
  • habida cuenta de que el banco actúa

So this is not random de que. It comes naturally from the fixed expression habida cuenta de.

Because the clause after habida cuenta de que presents something as a fact or assumed reality, not as something doubtful, wished for, or hypothetical.

That is why Spanish normally uses the indicative here:

• habida cuenta de que el banco actúa

The subjunctive would not normally fit this structure unless the sentence were reshaped in a very different way.

Not very. It sounds formal, written, and often a bit bureaucratic or legal.

In ordinary speech, Spaniards would more often say things like:

• dado que
• puesto que
• ya que
• teniendo en cuenta que

So although your sentence is grammatical, it does not sound especially conversational.

Because habida cuenta de que el banco actúa is an introductory subordinate element, and the comma helps separate that background information from the main clause esperamos.

In formal writing, this comma is very natural.

You can think of the structure like this:

• [Background/reason], [main clause].

Spanish punctuation is sometimes more flexible than English, but in a sentence like this the comma is perfectly normal and helps readability.

That is a very natural reaction. Grammatically, esperamos can stand alone if what is being expected is already clear from context. Spanish often omits information that speakers think is understood.

But out of context, the sentence does feel a bit incomplete, because esperar often leads us to expect something like:

• esperamos una respuesta
• esperamos que cambie la situación
• lo esperamos

So the sentence is grammatical, but in isolation it can sound slightly truncated.

Because Spanish is a pro-drop language: subject pronouns are often omitted when the verb form already makes the subject clear.

Here, esperamos already tells you the subject is we.

So:

• esperamos = we hope / we expect

You could say nosotros esperamos, but that would usually add:

• emphasis
• contrast
• clarification

Without special emphasis, leaving out nosotros is the normal choice.

The accent mark shows that the u is stressed and forms a separate syllable:

• ac-tú-a

Without the accent, Spanish spelling rules would suggest a different pronunciation pattern. The written accent helps preserve the correct stress and the hiatus.

This is a pronunciation/spelling point rather than a meaning point, but it is a common thing learners notice.

Yes. If you wanted a more everyday style, Spanish speakers in Spain would often prefer alternatives such as:

• Dado que el banco actúa, esperamos...
• Puesto que el banco actúa, esperamos...
• Teniendo en cuenta que el banco actúa, esperamos...

Also, in real usage, many speakers would probably make the final part more explicit, for example by adding what is being expected.

So the original sentence is fine grammatically, but it sounds more formal and somewhat context-dependent than the kinds of sentences people usually say in casual conversation.