La escenografía incluye el atrezo.

Because the two nouns have different grammatical genders:

• escenografía is feminine, so it takes la
• atrezo is masculine, so it takes el

In Spanish, grammatical gender is a property of the noun and does not always match any logical or real-world gender. You just learn each noun with its article.

A useful habit is to memorize them as:

• la escenografía
• el atrezo

Because the subject is La escenografía, which is singular.

So the structure is:

• La escenografía = the subject
• incluye = includes
• el atrezo = the direct object

Since la escenografía is one thing, the verb must be singular:

• La escenografía incluye...

If the subject were plural, the verb would change:

• Las escenografías incluyen el atrezo.

In this sentence, escenografía refers to the overall stage design or scenic design for a performance.

It is broader than just one physical object. It can include things like:

• the visual design of the stage
• scenery
• set elements
• the arrangement and artistic conception of the stage space

So escenografía is often more like scenography or stage design, not just stage.

Yes. In Spain, atrezo is a common word in theatre, film, and television. It refers to props or set dressing.

That means objects used on stage or on set, especially decorative or functional items such as:

• furniture
• fake books
• vases
• period objects
• accessories used as part of the scene

In many parts of Latin America, learners may also encounter utilería for props. But for Spain, atrezo is very natural.

A useful way to think about it is:

• escenografía = the overall scenic design or set concept
• atrezo = the individual objects/props that form part of that scene

So in La escenografía incluye el atrezo, the idea is that the stage design includes the props or set-dressing elements.

In other words, atrezo can be part of the escenografía.

Because el atrezo is a thing, not a person.

In Spanish, the personal a is usually used before specific human direct objects:

• Veo a María.

But with things, you normally do not use it:

• Incluye el atrezo.

So this sentence is completely normal without a.

Yes. Here el atrezo is being used as a collective noun, meaning the set of props as a category or group.

This is similar to how English sometimes uses a singular mass or collective idea:

• the equipment
• the furniture

So el atrezo can refer to all the props together, not just one prop.

If you wanted to be more specific about individual items, you might say something like:

• los objetos de atrezo
• los elementos de atrezo

Yes, but not in this sentence.

Possible plurals are:

• las escenografías
• los atrezos

However, in practice:

• escenografía is often used in the singular when talking about stage design in general
• atrezo is also often used collectively in the singular

You might see plurals in contexts like:

• different productions with different escenografías
• several distinct sets or styles of atrezo

But La escenografía incluye el atrezo sounds very natural as a general statement about one production or one set design.

Spanish often uses the present tense to state facts, descriptions, or general information.

So incluye here simply means:

• includes
• does include

It can describe:

• a current production
• a general feature of the set design
• a neutral statement in a catalogue, review, or description

It does not have to mean something happening right now at this exact moment.

A simple approximate pronunciation is:

• escenografía: es-se-no-gra-FEE-a
• atrezo: a-TRE-tho

A few key points for Peninsular Spanish:

• In escenografía, the written accent shows the stress: gra-fí-a
• In much of Spain, z in atrezo is pronounced like the th in thin
• So atrezo in Spain sounds roughly like a-TRE-tho

If you use a Latin American pronunciation, atrezo would usually sound more like a-TRE-so, which is also understandable, but the Spain pronunciation is the local one.

Yes. That is a perfectly good alternative.

Compare:

• La escenografía incluye el atrezo.
  The stage design includes the props.

• El atrezo está incluido en la escenografía.
  The props are included in the stage design.

The meaning is very similar, but the focus changes:

• the original sentence focuses on la escenografía
• the alternative focuses on el atrezo

No, they are related but not the same.

• escenario = the stage itself, the physical stage
• escenografía = the scenic design / set design / visual staging

So:

• El escenario is the platform or space where the performance happens
• La escenografía is what that space looks like and how it is designed visually

That distinction is important, because English speakers sometimes confuse stage with staging or set design.