Learn Hardcore Spanish (Latin America): Invito a mi hija, a mi esposa y a mi cuñada al concierto el viernes. - I invite my daughter, my wife, and my sister-in-law to the concert on Friday.

That a is the personal a. In Spanish, when a specific person (or beloved pet) is the direct object of a verb, you add a: Veo a Marta, Invito a mi esposa. It doesn’t translate to English; it’s a grammar marker showing the object is a person.

Do I have to repeat the personal a before each person in the list?

No, it’s optional. You can say:

Invito a mi hija, mi esposa y mi cuñada… (a only once), or
Invito a mi hija, a mi esposa y a mi cuñada… (a before each item).

Repeating it is very common and often clearer, especially in longer lists.

Could I say Invito mi hija without the a?

No. With a specific person as the direct object, you need the personal a: Invito a mi hija. One common exception (not used here) is after tener: Tengo dos hijas (no personal a).

Why is it al concierto and not a el concierto?

Spanish contracts a + el to al. So you must say al concierto. There’s no contraction with la: a la iglesia.

Why are there two instances of a in the sentence (before the people and before concierto)?

Because the verb’s pattern is: invitar a alguien a algo (invite someone to something). The first a is the personal a for people; the second a links the verb to the destination/event: Invito a mi esposa a un concierto.

If I replace the list with a pronoun, which one should I use: las, los, or les?

They are direct objects, so use direct object pronouns:

For this group (all women): Las invito al concierto el viernes.
If the group includes any man: Los invito…

In most of Latin America, les here is considered nonstandard (leísmo). You might hear Le/Les invito in Spain or as polite leísmo, but los/las is the recommended choice.

Does Invito… imply I’m paying for the tickets?

Often, yes. In much of Latin America, Te invito or Los invito tends to imply “It’s my treat.” If you only mean “I’m inviting you (not necessarily paying),” context helps. To be clear:

Paying: Yo invito. Compro las entradas.
Not specifying payment: Están invitados al concierto.

Why is it el viernes and not en el viernes for “on Friday”?

Spanish normally uses the article without a preposition for days: el viernes = “on Friday.” For habitual actions: los viernes = “on Fridays.”

Does el viernes mean this coming Friday or last Friday?

By default (with present-tense context), it’s the upcoming Friday. In past contexts, el viernes typically refers to the most recent Friday. To be explicit:

This coming Friday: este viernes
Last Friday: el viernes pasado
Next Friday (the following one): el viernes que viene / el próximo viernes

Can I move the time to the front?

Yes. Word order is flexible:

El viernes invito a mi hija, a mi esposa y a mi cuñada al concierto.
Invito… al concierto el viernes. Both are natural.

Should the y change to e anywhere (like before esposa or hija)?

The conjunction y changes to e only before words starting with the vowel sound “i” (i/hi): padres e hijos. It does not change before e (as in esposa) and, in this sentence, y precedes a mi cuñada, so it stays y. Example of the rule with these nouns: mi esposa e hija (because hija begins with the “i” sound).

Why is it mi and not mis when there are three people?

Because each noun is singular: mi hija, mi esposa, mi cuñada. If any were plural, you’d use mis (e.g., mis hijas). You can also omit repeating mi and say mi hija, mi esposa y mi cuñada or just mi hija, esposa y cuñada—repeating it is clearer.

Why isn’t there an article before mi hija (like “the”)?

Spanish doesn’t use an article when a possessive like mi/mi modifies the noun. You say mi hija, not la mi hija.

What exactly does cuñada mean? Is it my wife’s sister or my brother’s wife?

It can mean either. Cuñada = sister-in-law in both senses. To be explicit, you can say la hermana de mi esposa or la esposa de mi hermano.

Any pronunciation tips (Latin America) for words here?

Invito: stress on VI — in-VEE-to.
a mi hija: h is silent; hija sounds like EE-ha.
esposa: es-PO-sa.
cuñada: the ñ is like the “ny” in canyon: coo-NYA-da.
concierto: ci = “see”: kon-SYER-to.
viernes: initial v is pronounced like a soft b in most of Latin America: BYER-nes.

Is esposa the only way to say “wife”?

No. Esposa is standard and widely used in Latin America. You’ll also hear mi mujer in many places (very common in Spain; regionally used in Latin America). Both are understood; esposa is the safest choice in Latin America.

Why use simple present Invito instead of something like “I’m inviting/I will invite”?

Spanish simple present can describe a present speech act or a planned/fixed future when a time is mentioned: Invito… el viernes = “I’m inviting them (to Friday’s concert).” Alternatives:

Ongoing action: Estoy invitando… (only if you’re literally in the act right now)
Near future intention: Voy a invitar…
Future tense: Invitaré… (more formal or distant)

Should there be a comma before y (the “Oxford comma”)?

No. Spanish normally does not use a comma before y in a simple list. So …mi esposa y a mi cuñada is correct without a comma.

Why al concierto (the concert) instead of a un concierto (a concert)?

Both are possible. Al concierto refers to a specific concert known from context. A un concierto is indefinite: some concert. Choose based on what you mean.