Breakdown of Mi hermano ronca cuando está muy cansado.
mi
my
muy
very
estar
to be
el hermano
the brother
cuando
when
cansado
tired
roncar
to snore
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Questions & Answers about Mi hermano ronca cuando está muy cansado.
What does ronca mean?
ronca is the third-person singular present indicative of roncar, which means “to snore.” So ronca = “(he) snores.”
Why is the verb ronca in the present tense? Shouldn't it be past if he's already tired?
In Spanish, the present tense can express habitual actions or general truths. Here, Mi hermano ronca describes a habit: whenever he’s very tired, he snores. So we use the present indicative, not the past.
Why don’t we include él before ronca?
Spanish often omits subject pronouns because verb endings indicate the subject. ronca clearly marks third-person singular, so él is optional and is usually left out.
Why does está have an accent?
está (with an accent) is the third-person singular present of estar, meaning “is” (temporary state). The accent distinguishes it from esta (without accent), which is a demonstrative adjective meaning “this.”
Why use estar instead of ser for “is very tired”?
Use estar for temporary states or conditions (like being tired). ser describes permanent traits, identity, or origin. Since tiredness is temporary, we choose está.
What does muy cansado mean, and can we say cansadísimo instead?
muy cansado means “very tired.” Yes, you can use the superlative cansadísimo for “extremely tired,” but muy cansado is more common in everyday speech.
Is a comma necessary before cuando?
In Spanish, a comma before cuando is optional and depends on clarity. In this short sentence, no comma is needed:
Mi hermano ronca cuando está muy cansado.
Can we use the subjunctive after cuando?
When expressing habitual actions or things that always happen, Spanish uses the indicative after cuando (as here with está). The subjunctive appears after cuando only if referring to a future action or event that hasn’t occurred yet.