Moju majku boli stomak i lekar dolazi danas.

Because with boleti (to hurt), Serbian usually treats the thing that hurts as the grammatical subject, and the person who feels the pain as the direct object.

So in this sentence:

• stomak = the thing that hurts → subject
• moju majku = the person affected → direct object

That is why moja majka changes to moju majku.

A very literal way to think of it is:

• Stomak boli moju majku = The stomach hurts my mother

Even though English usually says My mother’s stomach hurts or My mother has a stomachache, Serbian structures it differently.

It is accusative singular.

Here is the breakdown:

• moja → moju
• majka → majku

Both words change because the whole noun phrase is in the accusative case. Serbian marks case not just on the noun, but also on words that agree with it, such as possessives and adjectives.

Because they have to agree with each other.

• majka is feminine singular
• in this sentence it is in the accusative
• the possessive moja must match the noun in gender, number, and case

So:

• nominative: moja majka
• accusative: moju majku

This kind of agreement is one of the most important patterns in Serbian grammar.

Stomak is in the nominative singular.

That is because it is the subject of boli. The verb agrees with stomak, not with moju majku.

So grammatically, Serbian is saying:

• stomak boli = the stomach hurts
• moju majku = my mother as the affected person

Because its subject is stomak, which is singular.

Compare:

• Moju majku boli stomak. = singular subject
• Moju majku bole noge. = plural subject, so the verb becomes bole

So the form of boleti depends on the thing that hurts, not on the person who feels the pain.

Yes. Serbian word order is fairly flexible because case endings show who is doing what.

These versions are grammatically possible:

• Moju majku boli stomak.
• Stomak boli moju majku.

The difference is mostly about emphasis and information flow.

• Moju majku first puts focus or topic on my mother
• stomak first sounds more literal and puts the stomach in the spotlight

In everyday speech, speakers often choose the order that sounds most natural in the situation.

Because Serbian has no articles.

There is no direct equivalent of English a/an/the. So:

• lekar can mean a doctor or the doctor
• stomak can mean a stomach or the stomach

Context tells you which meaning is intended. In this sentence, lekar is naturally understood as the doctor, because the context makes it specific.

Because Serbian, like English, often uses the present tense for a planned or expected future event.

So:

• lekar dolazi danas = literally present tense, but naturally means the doctor is coming today

The time word danas makes the future meaning clear.

You could also say:

• Lekar će doći danas.

That is a more explicit future form: The doctor will come today.

Both are correct, but dolazi danas often sounds more immediate or scheduled.

No. Lekar and doktor are both common.

• lekar = standard Serbian word for doctor
• doktor = also very common in everyday speech

In many contexts they can be interchangeable. However, doktor can also mean someone with a doctorate, depending on context, just like English doctor.

Yes, very common.

Serbian often uses verbs like boleti instead of a structure like have + pain.

Common examples:

• Boli me stomak. = My stomach hurts / I have a stomachache
• Boli me glava. = My head hurts / I have a headache
• Bole me leđa. = My back hurts

So this sentence uses a very typical Serbian pattern.

No, that would not be correct for this meaning.

The problem is that moja majka is nominative, which would make my mother the subject. But with boleti, the subject is usually the body part or thing causing the pain.

So you need:

• Moju majku boli stomak.

not:

• Moja majka boli stomak.

The incorrect version would sound like the roles are mixed up.