В этом тексте не хватает точки.

Because в этом тексте means in this text, expressing location.

After в, Russian uses:

• accusative for motion into something: в этот текст = into this text
• prepositional for location: в этом тексте = in this text

Here we are talking about something being missing in the text, not moving into it, so the prepositional case is required.

Тексте is the prepositional singular form of текст.

The noun текст is masculine, and after в when it means location, it normally goes into the prepositional:

• текст → в тексте

The adjective/pronoun changes too:

• этот текст
• в этом тексте

So both words are in the prepositional case and agree with each other.

Этом is the prepositional singular masculine/neuter form of этот (this).

Since текст is masculine and is in the prepositional case, этот must match it:

• nominative: этот текст
• prepositional: в этом тексте

This is standard adjective/pronoun agreement in Russian.

Here не хватает means is lacking, is missing, or there isn’t enough of.

It comes from the verb хватать / хватить, which often has the idea of:

• being enough
• being sufficient
• being present in the needed amount

So:

• В этом тексте не хватает точки. = This text is missing a period. Literally, something like:
• In this text, there is not enough of a period / a period is lacking.

This is a very common Russian way to say that something is missing.

Because не хватает normally takes the thing lacking in the genitive case.

So:

• nominative: точка
• genitive singular: точки

This is one of the key patterns to learn:

• хватает времени = there is enough time
• не хватает денег = there isn’t enough money
• не хватает точки = a period is missing

Even though English often treats the missing thing like the subject, Russian does not do that here.

Yes, it is basically an impersonal construction.

Russian often uses хватает / не хватает without a normal subject:

• Мне не хватает сна. = I’m not getting enough sleep.
• Здесь не хватает стула. = A chair is missing here.
• В этом тексте не хватает точки.

The verb is in 3rd person singular by default in this kind of impersonal expression.

Because in this construction the verb is not agreeing with точки as if точки were a normal subject.

Instead, не хватает works as an impersonal predicate:

• не хватает чего? = there is not enough of what? / what is missing?

So the verb stays in 3rd person singular:

• не хватает точки
• не хватает двух страниц
• не хватает слов

Even when the missing thing is plural, the verb still often remains singular in this structure.

It can mean both, depending on context.

Точка can mean:

• a dot/point
• a period/full stop in punctuation

In this sentence, because we are talking about a text, it clearly means the punctuation mark:

• period in American English
• full stop in British English

So В этом тексте не хватает точки means a punctuation mark is missing.

Yes. That is also correct.

• В этом тексте нет точки. = There is no period in this text.
• В этом тексте не хватает точки. = This text is missing a period.

The difference is small, but the nuance is a bit different:

• нет точки simply states absence
• не хватает точки suggests that a period should be there, but isn’t

So не хватает often sounds more like something is lacking that ought to be present.

Because Russian often expresses missing through the idea of not being enough.

So instead of saying exactly is missing, Russian very naturally says:

• не хватает = there isn’t enough / it is lacking

This is one of those places where Russian and English organize the idea differently. English often uses:

• is missing
• lacks

Russian often prefers:

• не хватает

It is a very common and natural phrase.

Yes, Russian word order is flexible.

The neutral order here is:

• В этом тексте не хватает точки.

But you could also hear variations for emphasis, such as:

• Точки в этом тексте не хватает.
• Не хватает точки в этом тексте.

The basic meaning stays the same, but the focus shifts:

• starting with точки emphasizes what is missing
• starting with в этом тексте sets the scene first

For a learner, the given word order is a very natural default.

The dictionary form is хватать.

Its forms include:

• хватать = imperfective
• хватает = 3rd person singular present
• хватило = past/neuter singular, often in impersonal use

Examples:

• Мне хватает времени. = I have enough time.
• Мне не хватает времени. = I don’t have enough time.

There is also a related perfective verb хватить, but in this sentence хватает from хватать is the normal choice.

In this exact sentence, точки is genitive singular, so it most naturally means one period/full stop is missing.

If you wanted to talk about several periods, you would normally use a plural form:

• не хватает точек = some periods are missing / there are not enough periods

So the original sentence strongly suggests that one specific full stop is missing somewhere in the text.