Мама позвала нас домой.

Mom called us home.

Breakdown of Мама позвала нас домой.

• домой: home
• мама: the mother
• нас: us
• позвать: to invite

Questions & Answers about Мама позвала нас домой.

Why is мама in this form and not маму or something else?

Мама is in the nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence – the one performing the action.

• Мама позвала… – Mom called… (Mom is the one doing the calling.)
• If мама were the object, you would see маму (accusative), e.g. Я увидел маму – I saw mom.

So here:

• мама = nominative, subject
• позвала = verb, what the subject did
• нас = object, whom she called
• домой = direction, where she called us to

What is позвала exactly – tense, aspect, and from which verb?

Позвала is:

• Past tense
• Perfective aspect
• Feminine singular form
• From the verb pair звать / позвать – to call (someone by voice, to call over)

Roughly:

• звать – imperfective: to be calling, to call repeatedly, the process
• позвать – perfective: to call once / to have called (completed action)

So мама позвала is like Mom called (once, successfully, completed).

Why is it позвала, not позвал or позвали?

In Russian, the past tense agrees with the subject in gender and number:

• Masculine singular: позвал (Он позвал)
• Feminine singular: позвала (Она позвала)
• Neuter singular: позвало (Оно позвало) – rare, mostly with neuter nouns
• Plural (any gender mix): позвали (Они позвали)

Since мама is grammatically feminine, you must use the feminine form:

• Мама позвала нас домой.
• If the subject were папа, you’d say: Папа позвал нас домой.

Why do we use нас and not мы?

Мы is the nominative form (subject form: we).

Нас is both the genitive and accusative form (object form: us).

Here, нас is the direct object – the ones who are being called:

• Кто? – Мама (subject, nominative)
• Кого? – нас (object, accusative) → Whom did she call? Us.

So:

• мы – we (subject): Мы идём домой. – We are going home.
• нас – us (object): Мама позвала нас домой. – Mom called us home.

What is the difference between нас and нам?

Both come from мы (we), but they are different cases:

• нас = genitive / accusative
  • As a direct object: Мама позвала нас. – Mom called us.
  • As genitive: У нас есть дом. – We have a house.
• нам = dative
  • Typically to/for us: Мама дала нам ключ. – Mom gave us the key.

In Мама позвала нас домой, we need the accusative (direct object) → нас, not нам.

What exactly does домой mean, and why not just дом?

Домой is an adverb of direction meaning (to) home, homewards.

Compare:

• дом – house, home (noun, basic form)
• домой – to home, homewards (direction / movement)
• дома – at home (location)

With verbs of motion:

• Я иду домой. – I am going (to) home.
• Я дома. – I am at home.

So Мама позвала нас домой is specifically Mom called us (to go) home / called us back home, emphasizing movement towards home, not just mentioning the house.

Could we say Мама позвала нас в дом? What is the difference from домой?

Yes, Мама позвала нас в дом is grammatically correct, but the nuance is narrower:

• домой – home(wards) in a broad sense: back home, to where we live.
• в дом – literally into the house (into the building, indoors).

So:

• Мама позвала нас домой. – We were away from home (outside / somewhere else), and she called us to go home.
• Мама позвала нас в дом. – We were already near or at the house (e.g., in the yard), and she called us inside the house.

How flexible is the word order? Can we say Мама нас позвала домой or Нас позвала мама домой?

Russian word order is more flexible than English. All of these are possible:

• Мама позвала нас домой. – neutral, basic.
• Мама нас позвала домой. – slight focus on нас (that it was us she called).
• Нас позвала мама домой. – stronger focus on нас and maybe on мама as the one who did it, depending on context.
• Домой мама позвала нас. – stylistic, emphasizes домой (the destination).

The meaning (who did what to whom) stays the same because roles are marked by endings, not by word order. Word order mainly changes emphasis / what is new or important information.

What is the difference between позвала and звала?

They come from the aspect pair:

• звать – imperfective: to be calling, to call repeatedly, to try calling
• позвать – perfective: to call once / to have called (as a completed act)

Past tense:

• Она звала нас домой.
  • She was calling us home / kept calling us home / tried to get us to come home.
  • Focus on the process / repeated action.
• Она позвала нас домой.
  • She called us home (once / successfully).
  • Focus on the fact that she did it and it is completed.

In a simple narrative, позвала fits well because it describes a single, completed event.

Does позвала mean she called on the phone, or shouted with her voice?

Позвать / звать is primarily calling someone with your voice (shouting, calling out, calling over).

For calling by phone, Russian normally uses звонить / позвонить:

• Мама позвонила нам домой. – Mom called us (by phone) at home.
• Мама позвала нас домой. – Mom called us over / called us to come home (with her voice).

So in the given sentence, позвала implies voice, not a phone call.

Is мама here more like a name or a common noun? Why is it not capitalized?

In Russian, мама is generally treated as a common noun (like mother, mom) and is written with a lowercase letter, even when used as a direct form of address:

• Мама позвала нас домой.
• Мама, ты где? – Mom, where are you?

It’s different from English, where Mom is often capitalized when used like a name. Russian only capitalizes Мама at the start of a sentence or in very emotional / stylistic writing, not as a rule of grammar.