Молодой учитель объясняет грамматику.

Breakdown of Молодой учитель объясняет грамматику.

учитель
the teacher
грамматика
the grammar
объяснять
to explain
молодой
young
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Questions & Answers about Молодой учитель объясняет грамматику.

Why is it молодой учитель and not учитель молодой like in English “teacher young”?

Russian adjectives usually come before the noun they describe, unlike English where they can come after (in some cases, like “the teacher is young”).

  • Standard order: молодой учитель = young teacher
  • Putting it after (учитель молодой) is possible, but it sounds more like a separate statement:
    • Он учитель, он молодой.He is a teacher, he is young.
    • Учитель молодой объясняет грамматику. – emphasises that the teacher (not the old one, for example) is young.

In neutral, dictionary-like phrases, the natural order is adjective + noun: молодой учитель.

Why is it молодой, not молодая or молодое?

The adjective молодой agrees with the noun учитель in:

  • Gender: учитель is masculine
  • Number: singular
  • Case: nominative (subject of the sentence)

So we use the masculine nominative singular form of the adjective: молодой.

Other forms would match different nouns:

  • молодая учительницаyoung (female) teacher (feminine noun → молодая)
  • молодое поколениеyoung generation (neuter noun → молодое)
  • молодые учителяyoung teachers (plural → молодые)
How do I know that учитель is masculine? It ends in , which looks like some feminine nouns.

True, many feminine nouns also end in (e.g. ночь, дверь). But:

  1. Meaning: professions like учитель (teacher), инженер (engineer), врач (doctor) are masculine by default, unless the word is clearly feminine (e.g. учительница).
  2. Form of the word: nouns in -тель almost always are masculine:
    • учитель – teacher
    • строитель – builder
    • покупатель – buyer

So учитель is grammatically masculine, which is why we use молодой, not молодая.

Why isn’t there a word for “is”? Why not Молодой учитель есть объясняет грамматику?

In Russian, the verb “to be” in the present tense is usually omitted in simple statements:

  • English: He is a teacher.
  • Russian: Он учитель. (literally: He teacher.)

In your sentence, объясняет (explains/is explaining) is the main verb, so you don’t need есть at all.

You would only see есть in special meanings like there exists / there is or for emphasis, not in a sentence like this.

Where is the word “he” or “she”? Why can you just say Молодой учитель объясняет грамматику without a pronoun?

Russian often drops subject pronouns when they are clear from context, because the verb ending already shows the person and number:

  • он объясняетhe explains
  • она объясняетshe explains
  • учитель объясняетthe teacher explains

You don’t need он or она here, because молодой учитель is clearly the subject. You could say:

  • Он, молодой учитель, объясняет грамматику. – stylistically more marked, adds emphasis on he.

But in neutral speech, just Молодой учитель объясняет грамматику is natural.

Does объясняет mean “explains” or “is explaining”? How do you say the English continuous “is explaining” in Russian?

Russian has only one present tense form for both:

  • объясняет can mean:
    • explains (habitual/general)
    • is explaining (right now)

The difference is understood from context or with time words:

  • Молодой учитель объясняет грамматику каждый день.The young teacher explains grammar every day.
  • Молодой учитель сейчас объясняет грамматику.The young teacher is explaining grammar now.

So to express “is explaining”, Russian just uses the present tense (often with сейчас, прямо сейчас, etc.).

What is the infinitive of объясняет, and what aspect is it?

The verb объясняет is the 3rd person singular present of the imperfective verb объяснять (to explain in the sense of a process or repeated action):

  • Infinitive: объяснять
  • Conjugation (present):
    • я объясняю – I explain / am explaining
    • ты объясняешь – you explain
    • он/она объясняет – he/she explains
    • мы объясняем – we explain
    • вы объясняете – you (pl/formal) explain
    • они объясняют – they explain

Its perfective partner is объяснитьto explain (once, with result):

  • Молодой учитель объяснит грамматику.The young teacher will explain the grammar (and finish explaining it).

In your sentence, we’re talking about the ongoing or repeated activity, so объясняет (imperfective present) is correct.

Why is it грамматику and not грамматика? Where does the ending come from?

Грамматику is in the accusative case, because it is the direct object of the verb объясняет:

  • Who explains? → молодой учитель (subject, nominative)
  • Explains what? → грамматику (object, accusative)

The noun грамматика (feminine, ending in ) declines like this (singular):

  • Nominative: грамматика – grammar (as subject)
  • Accusative: грамматику – grammar (as object)

So the is the regular feminine accusative singular ending for nouns.

Could you show the full case forms for грамматика so I can see where грамматику fits?

Sure, singular forms of грамматика:

  • Nominative: грамматикаГрамматика сложная. (Grammar is difficult.)
  • Genitive: грамматикиНет грамматики в этом учебнике.
  • Dative: грамматикеЯ уделяю внимание грамматике.
  • Accusative: грамматикуУчитель объясняет грамматику.
  • Instrumental: грамматикойМы занимаемся грамматикой.
  • Prepositional: грамматикеМы говорим о грамматике.

Your sentence uses the accusative: объясняет грамматику.

Can I change the word order? For example, can I say Учитель объясняет грамматику or Грамматику объясняет молодой учитель?

Yes, Russian word order is fairly flexible, but it affects emphasis and style.

All of these are grammatically correct:

  1. Молодой учитель объясняет грамматику.

    • Neutral statement: A/The young teacher explains grammar.
  2. Учитель объясняет грамматику.

    • Just The teacher explains grammar.
    • You’ve dropped the information that he’s young.
  3. Грамматику объясняет молодой учитель.

    • Emphasis shifts to грамматику (grammar) and to the contrast of кто именно explains it (it’s the young teacher, not someone else).
    • Feels more contrastive or stylistically marked, like you’re correcting someone’s assumption.

Basic neutral order is still Subject – Verb – Object with adjectives before nouns:
Молодой учитель объясняет грамматику.

In English we say “a young teacher” vs “the young teacher”. How do you show that difference in Russian?

Russian has no articles (a/an/the), so молодой учитель can mean:

  • a young teacher (introducing him for the first time)
  • the young teacher (known from context)

The difference is understood from context or can be clarified with extra words:

  • один молодой учитель – a certain young teacher / one young teacher
  • этот молодой учитель – this (specific) young teacher
  • тот молодой учитель – that (specific) young teacher

But in most cases, молодой учитель alone is enough, and the context decides whether it’s “a” or “the”.

What’s the difference between молодой учитель and новый учитель? Both might be “new/young teacher” in English.

They mean different things:

  • молодой учитель – a young (in age) teacher. Focus on age / stage in life.
  • новый учитель – a new teacher. Focus on the fact that he is new to this class/school/job, not necessarily young.

Examples:

  • В школе появился новый учитель. – A new teacher appeared at the school. (Could be 50 years old.)
  • Он очень молодой учитель. – He is a very young teacher. (First years of career, maybe only 22–25, for example.)
How do you pronounce Молодой учитель объясняет грамматику? Where is the stress?

Stresses and approximate pronunciation (in simplified Latin transcription):

  • Молодой – мо-ло-дой → stress on the last syllable: молодОй
    • Pronounced roughly: maladÓy (unstressed о sounds like a)
  • учитель – у-чи-тель → stress on чи: учИтель
    • Roughly: uchÍ-tyel’ (soft ль at the end)
  • объясняет – об-ъяс-ня-ет → stress on ня: объяснЯет
    • Roughly: ab-yas-NÁ-yet
    • The cluster объя- sounds like ab-ya-; the ъ (hard sign) separates б and я.
  • грамматику – гра-мма-ти-ку → stress on ма: граммАтику
    • Roughly: gramMÁ-ti-ku (double м is just slightly longer, but often not clearly doubled in fast speech)

Full sentence (one possible approximation):
маладОй учИтель абйаснАет граммАтику.