Breakdown of Молодой учитель объясняет грамматику.
Questions & Answers about Молодой учитель объясняет грамматику.
Russian adjectives usually come before the noun they describe, unlike English where they can come after (in some cases, like “the teacher is young”).
- Standard order: молодой учитель = young teacher
- Putting it after (учитель молодой) is possible, but it sounds more like a separate statement:
- Он учитель, он молодой. – He is a teacher, he is young.
- Учитель молодой объясняет грамматику. – emphasises that the teacher (not the old one, for example) is young.
In neutral, dictionary-like phrases, the natural order is adjective + noun: молодой учитель.
The adjective молодой agrees with the noun учитель in:
- Gender: учитель is masculine
- Number: singular
- Case: nominative (subject of the sentence)
So we use the masculine nominative singular form of the adjective: молодой.
Other forms would match different nouns:
- молодая учительница – young (female) teacher (feminine noun → молодая)
- молодое поколение – young generation (neuter noun → молодое)
- молодые учителя – young teachers (plural → молодые)
True, many feminine nouns also end in -ь (e.g. ночь, дверь). But:
- Meaning: professions like учитель (teacher), инженер (engineer), врач (doctor) are masculine by default, unless the word is clearly feminine (e.g. учительница).
- Form of the word: nouns in -тель almost always are masculine:
- учитель – teacher
- строитель – builder
- покупатель – buyer
So учитель is grammatically masculine, which is why we use молодой, not молодая.
In Russian, the verb “to be” in the present tense is usually omitted in simple statements:
- English: He is a teacher.
- Russian: Он учитель. (literally: He teacher.)
In your sentence, объясняет (explains/is explaining) is the main verb, so you don’t need есть at all.
You would only see есть in special meanings like there exists / there is or for emphasis, not in a sentence like this.
Russian often drops subject pronouns when they are clear from context, because the verb ending already shows the person and number:
- он объясняет – he explains
- она объясняет – she explains
- учитель объясняет – the teacher explains
You don’t need он or она here, because молодой учитель is clearly the subject. You could say:
- Он, молодой учитель, объясняет грамматику. – stylistically more marked, adds emphasis on he.
But in neutral speech, just Молодой учитель объясняет грамматику is natural.
Russian has only one present tense form for both:
- объясняет can mean:
- explains (habitual/general)
- is explaining (right now)
The difference is understood from context or with time words:
- Молодой учитель объясняет грамматику каждый день. – The young teacher explains grammar every day.
- Молодой учитель сейчас объясняет грамматику. – The young teacher is explaining grammar now.
So to express “is explaining”, Russian just uses the present tense (often with сейчас, прямо сейчас, etc.).
The verb объясняет is the 3rd person singular present of the imperfective verb объяснять (to explain in the sense of a process or repeated action):
- Infinitive: объяснять
- Conjugation (present):
- я объясняю – I explain / am explaining
- ты объясняешь – you explain
- он/она объясняет – he/she explains
- мы объясняем – we explain
- вы объясняете – you (pl/formal) explain
- они объясняют – they explain
Its perfective partner is объяснить – to explain (once, with result):
- Молодой учитель объяснит грамматику. – The young teacher will explain the grammar (and finish explaining it).
In your sentence, we’re talking about the ongoing or repeated activity, so объясняет (imperfective present) is correct.
Грамматику is in the accusative case, because it is the direct object of the verb объясняет:
- Who explains? → молодой учитель (subject, nominative)
- Explains what? → грамматику (object, accusative)
The noun грамматика (feminine, ending in -а) declines like this (singular):
- Nominative: грамматика – grammar (as subject)
- Accusative: грамматику – grammar (as object)
So the -у is the regular feminine accusative singular ending for -а nouns.
Sure, singular forms of грамматика:
- Nominative: грамматика – Грамматика сложная. (Grammar is difficult.)
- Genitive: грамматики – Нет грамматики в этом учебнике.
- Dative: грамматике – Я уделяю внимание грамматике.
- Accusative: грамматику – Учитель объясняет грамматику.
- Instrumental: грамматикой – Мы занимаемся грамматикой.
- Prepositional: грамматике – Мы говорим о грамматике.
Your sentence uses the accusative: объясняет грамматику.
Yes, Russian word order is fairly flexible, but it affects emphasis and style.
All of these are grammatically correct:
Молодой учитель объясняет грамматику.
- Neutral statement: A/The young teacher explains grammar.
Учитель объясняет грамматику.
- Just The teacher explains grammar.
- You’ve dropped the information that he’s young.
Грамматику объясняет молодой учитель.
- Emphasis shifts to грамматику (grammar) and to the contrast of кто именно explains it (it’s the young teacher, not someone else).
- Feels more contrastive or stylistically marked, like you’re correcting someone’s assumption.
Basic neutral order is still Subject – Verb – Object with adjectives before nouns:
Молодой учитель объясняет грамматику.
Russian has no articles (a/an/the), so молодой учитель can mean:
- a young teacher (introducing him for the first time)
- the young teacher (known from context)
The difference is understood from context or can be clarified with extra words:
- один молодой учитель – a certain young teacher / one young teacher
- этот молодой учитель – this (specific) young teacher
- тот молодой учитель – that (specific) young teacher
But in most cases, молодой учитель alone is enough, and the context decides whether it’s “a” or “the”.
They mean different things:
- молодой учитель – a young (in age) teacher. Focus on age / stage in life.
- новый учитель – a new teacher. Focus on the fact that he is new to this class/school/job, not necessarily young.
Examples:
- В школе появился новый учитель. – A new teacher appeared at the school. (Could be 50 years old.)
- Он очень молодой учитель. – He is a very young teacher. (First years of career, maybe only 22–25, for example.)
Stresses and approximate pronunciation (in simplified Latin transcription):
- Молодой – мо-ло-дой → stress on the last syllable: молодОй
- Pronounced roughly: maladÓy (unstressed о sounds like a)
- учитель – у-чи-тель → stress on чи: учИтель
- Roughly: uchÍ-tyel’ (soft ль at the end)
- объясняет – об-ъяс-ня-ет → stress on ня: объяснЯет
- Roughly: ab-yas-NÁ-yet
- The cluster объя- sounds like ab-ya-; the ъ (hard sign) separates б and я.
- грамматику – гра-мма-ти-ку → stress on ма: граммАтику
- Roughly: gramMÁ-ti-ku (double м is just slightly longer, but often not clearly doubled in fast speech)
Full sentence (one possible approximation):
маладОй учИтель абйаснАет граммАтику.