Несмотря на тёплую погоду, я ношу куртку, потому что дует ветер.

Несмотря на is a preposition meaning “despite” or “in spite of.” It introduces an adverbial phrase that expresses a concession or contrast. In our sentence, Несмотря на тёплую погоду means “Despite the warm weather,” and it modifies the main clause я ношу куртку….

Because несмотря на is a preposition that always takes the accusative. The adjective тёплый (warm) and the noun погода (weather) must both agree in case, gender, and number. Here, feminine singular in accusative is тёплую погоду.

In Russian, when you start a sentence with an introductory adverbial phrase—especially a longer one like Несмотря на тёплую погоду—you separate it from the main clause with a comma. It makes the sentence clearer and marks the shift from the background information to the main action.

Потому что means “because” and introduces a subordinate clause of reason. It links the cause (дует ветер) to the main clause (я ношу куртку). Russian rules require a comma before потому что when it starts such a clause.

Russian word order is relatively flexible. Placing the verb first (V-S instead of S-V) can add slight emphasis on the action дует (“blows”), highlighting the reason for wearing the jacket. Both дует ветер and ветер дует are grammatically correct.

Yes, you could. For example:
• Хотя погода тёплая, я ношу куртку…
• Хоть погода и тёплая, я всё равно ношу куртку…
But note:

• хотя (although) is a conjunction followed by a full clause (погода тёплая).
• хоть often pairs with и (хоть… и) or всё равно, and it also connects two clauses.
  Несмотря на lets you use a noun phrase directly (на тёплую погоду).

• Носить куртку means “to wear a jacket” (to have it on regularly or at the moment).
• Надевать куртку means “to put on a jacket” (the action of putting it on).
In our sentence, you’re stating that you’re wearing the jacket because the wind is blowing, so ношу куртку is correct.