Металлический стул стоит рядом с большим столом.

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Breakdown of Металлический стул стоит рядом с большим столом.

• стоять: to stand
• стол: the table
• стул: the chair

Questions & Answers about Металлический стул стоит рядом с большим столом.

What is the grammatical gender, number, and case of стул, and why does the adjective металлический have the ending –ий?

стул is a masculine, singular noun in the nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence (“the chair” that “stands”). In Russian, adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case.

• Gender: masculine → adjective ending –ий (not –ая or –ое)
• Number: singular → no plural ending
• Case: nominative (subject) → adjective stays in nominative form металлический

So металлический стул literally means “metallic (masculine-nom-sg) chair (masc-nom-sg).”

Why does большим столом use the instrumental case instead of nominative or another case?

The phrase рядом с (“next to”) requires the instrumental case after the preposition с. In Russian:

• большой стол is the base form (masc-nom-sg).
• Instrumental singular masculine of большой is большим.
• Instrumental singular masculine of стол is столом.

Hence с большим столом = “with a big table,” functioning as “next to the big table.”

What part of speech is стоит, and why don’t we use a word like есть to say “there is a chair”?