Breakdown of Процесс изучения грамматики сложный.
грамматика
the grammar
сложный
complicated
процесс
the process
изучение
the studying
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Questions & Answers about Процесс изучения грамматики сложный.
Why is there no word есть (is) in the sentence?
In Russian, the present‐tense copula (the equivalent of “to be”) is usually omitted. You simply state Процесс изучения грамматики сложный without inserting есть.
Why are both изучения and грамматики in the genitive case?
Because of a “genitive chain.” Процесс takes a genitive to show what kind of process it is (process of something), and изучение itself takes a genitive for its object (to study something). Hence: процесс (чего?) изучения (чего?) грамматики.
How do you know that сложный agrees with процесс (a masculine noun)?
Adjectives in Russian must match the noun they describe in gender, number, and case. Процесс is masculine, singular, nominative; therefore сложный is also in the masculine singular nominative form.
Can I change the word order for emphasis?
Yes. Russian word order is flexible. For example, Сложный процесс изучения грамматики places emphasis on сложный, but the core meaning remains unchanged.
Why not use the adverb сложно instead of the adjective сложный?
An adverb like сложно modifies verbs or clauses (e.g. “it’s hard to do”), whereas here you’re describing the noun процесс, so you need an adjective (сложный).
What’s the difference between сложный and трудный in this context?
Сложный highlights complexity (many parts or steps), while трудный emphasizes difficulty or effort. Saying трудный процесс изучения грамматики focuses more on how hard it is, whereas сложный points to its intricate nature.
How would you pronounce изучения and сложный, and where are the stresses?
- изучения: изу́чения [i-zú-chye-ni-ya] (stress on the second у)
- сложный: сло́жный [slózh-ny] (stress on о)
Could I drop процесс and just say Изучение грамматики сложный?
No—if you drop процесс, you must make изучение the subject, so you need the correct form: Изучение грамматики сложное (adjective agrees with изучение, which is neuter).