Моя кружка синяя.

My mug is blue.

Breakdown of Моя кружка синяя.

• мой: my
• синий: blue
• кружка: the mug

Questions & Answers about Моя кружка синяя.

What parts of speech are моя, кружка, and синяя, and how do they function in this sentence?

• моя is a possessive pronoun functioning like an adjective (“my”).
• кружка is a feminine noun in the nominative case (“mug”).
• синяя is an adjective in its predicative role (“blue”).
  Together they form the simple equational sentence “My mug is blue,” with моя кружка as the subject and синяя as the predicate adjective.

Why is there no verb equivalent to есть (“is”) in the English translation?

In Russian, the present-tense copula (the verb есть) is normally omitted in equational sentences. You simply place the subject and then the adjective or noun predicate. The meaning “is” is understood without a separate word.

What case are моя and кружка in, and why?

Both моя and кружка are in the nominative case. The nominative is used for the subject of a sentence. Here the entire phrase моя кружка (“my mug”) is the subject performing no action but being described.

Why is it моя кружка and not мой кружка or моё кружка?

Possessive pronouns in Russian agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case.

• кружка is feminine singular, nominative.
• The corresponding form of мой is моя in that slot.
  So you say моя кружка, never мой кружка (masculine) or моё кружка (neuter).

How does the adjective синий change to синяя, and why are there two я letters?

1. The base adjective is синий (masculine).
2. For feminine singular nominative you drop -ий and add the ending -ая, producing синяя.
3. The double я occurs because one я comes from the suffix that replaces -ий, and the second я is the standard feminine ending -ая. This is simply the normal pattern for hard-stem adjectives.

Do синяя and моя have to agree with кружка in anything besides gender?

Yes. Russian agreement covers three axes: gender (feminine here), number (singular), and case (nominative). Both моя and синяя reflect all three features of кружка.

Can you change the word order, for example синяя моя кружка, and would the meaning change?

Russian word order is relatively flexible.

• The neutral, most common order is Моя кружка синяя (Subject – Predicate).
• Синяя моя кружка would be understood but feels poetic or emphatic (putting emphasis on the color).
• Кружка моя синяя likewise shifts emphasis (“It’s my mug that is blue”).
  In everyday speech you stick to Моя кружка синяя unless you have a stylistic or emphatic reason.

How do you form the negative sentence “My mug is not blue”?

Insert не before the adjective:
Моя кружка не синяя.
Here не negates синяя, giving “My mug is not blue.”