Предыдущий урок был интересным.

The previous lesson was interesting.

Breakdown of Предыдущий урок был интересным.

• быть: to be
• интересный: interesting
• урок: the lesson
• предыдущий: previous

Questions & Answers about Предыдущий урок был интересным.

What is the grammatical function of предыдущий in this sentence?

Предыдущий is an attributive adjective that modifies the noun урок. It agrees with урок in gender (masculine), number (singular), and case (nominative), clearly indicating which lesson is being referred to—the one that came before.

Why is the predicate adjective интересным in the instrumental case instead of the nominative?

In Russian, when a predicate adjective follows a past-tense form of the verb “to be” (in this case, был), it typically appears in the instrumental case. This case is used to express the state, quality, or characteristic attributed to the subject. Thus, интересным is in the instrumental to denote that the lesson (subject) possessed the quality of being interesting.

Why does the sentence include the verb был even though the present tense of “to be” is often omitted in Russian?

Russian usually omits the verb “to be” in the present tense, but in the past (and future) tenses, a form of “to be” is required to form a complete predicate. Here, был serves as the past-tense copula, linking the subject (предыдущий урок) to its quality (интересным).

How do the adjectives предыдущий and интересным show agreement with урок given their different cases?

Предыдущий directly modifies урок and therefore takes the same case as the noun (nominative) to agree with it in gender, number, and role. In contrast, интересным is part of the predicate following был, so it is inflected in the instrumental case to indicate the subject’s state. This difference highlights how adjective endings in Russian change based on their syntactic function.

Is the word order in this sentence flexible, or is it fixed? What effect might rearranging it have?

Although Russian word order is fairly flexible due to its rich inflectional system, the standard structure used here (subject – copula – predicate) is the clearest and most natural way to communicate the intended meaning. Changing the order might shift the emphasis or create ambiguity, so while variations are grammatically possible, they could alter the sentence’s typical informational flow.