Мой друг пишет книгу.

My friend is writing a book.

Breakdown of Мой друг пишет книгу.

• друг: the friend
• мой: my
• книга: the book
• писать: to write

Questions & Answers about Мой друг пишет книгу.

What does Мой друг mean, and why is it structured that way?

Мой is the possessive adjective meaning my, and друг means friend. In Russian, adjectives and possessive pronouns must agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case. Since друг is masculine, singular, and in the nominative case (as it serves as the subject), мой is used in its matching masculine singular nominative form.

Why is книга rendered as книгу in this sentence?

The word книгу is the accusative case form of книга (book). In Russian, the direct object of a verb is marked by the accusative case. For most feminine nouns ending in -а in the nominative, the accusative form typically ends with -у, hence книга becomes книгу.

What tense is пишет in, and what does it indicate about the action?

Пишет is the third person singular present tense form of the verb писать (to write). Russian uses the present tense to express actions that are happening currently or actions that occur habitually. There isn’t a separate continuous form, so context determines whether the meaning is akin to “writes” or “is writing.”

Russian lacks articles like a or the. How does this affect the translation of the sentence?

Exactly because Russian doesn’t have articles, there is no word equivalent to a or the in the sentence. The meaning of definiteness or indefiniteness is understood through context rather than by a specific word. Thus, Мой друг пишет книгу can be translated simply as My friend writes a book or My friend is writing a book without needing an article.

Is the word order in Мой друг пишет книгу fixed, or can it be rearranged?

While Мой друг пишет книгу follows the typical subject–verb–object order (friend, writes, book), Russian word order is relatively flexible because the grammatical roles are clearly marked by the case endings. This means that for emphasis or stylistic variation, the words can be rearranged (for example, Книгу пишет мой друг), yet the relationships between the words remain clear due to the cases.