Ветрозащитная куртка лежит у точки разворота.

Because it has to agree with куртка, which is feminine singular nominative.

• куртка = a feminine noun
• Subject of the sentence = nominative case
• So the adjective also takes the feminine singular nominative ending: -ая

Compare:

• masculine: ветрозащитный
• feminine: ветрозащитная
• neuter: ветрозащитное
• plural: ветрозащитные

Ветрозащитная is a compound adjective meaning something like wind-protective or windproof.

It is built from the idea of:

• ветер = wind
• защитный = protective

So ветрозащитная куртка is a windproof jacket or windbreaker.

Russian often makes long compound adjectives like this, especially in technical or descriptive language.

Куртка is in the nominative singular.

That is because it is the subject of the sentence — the thing that is doing the state/action of лежит.

So the basic structure is:

• Ветрозащитная куртка = the subject
• лежит = lies / is lying
• у точки разворота = near the turnaround point

Russian often uses different verbs depending on how something is positioned:

• лежать = to lie, be lying
• стоять = to stand
• висеть = to hang

Since a jacket is something that would normally be thought of as lying on a surface, лежит sounds natural.

This is more specific than simply saying is located. If you wanted a more neutral verb, you could use находится, but лежит gives a more physical picture.

Лежит is:

• 3rd person singular
• present tense
• from the verb лежать

It matches the singular subject куртка.

Its dictionary form is лежать.
Some present-tense forms are:

• я лежу
• ты лежишь
• он / она лежит
• мы лежим
• вы лежите
• они лежат

У with the genitive case often means by, near, or at.

So у точки разворота means something like:

• by the turnaround point
• near the turning point
• at the turnaround point

It often suggests fairly close proximity.

Other prepositions like около or возле can also mean near, but у is very common and natural in this kind of sentence.

Because the preposition у requires the genitive.

The noun is:

• nominative: точка
• genitive singular: точки

So:

• у точки = by / near the point

This is a very common pattern in Russian:

• у дома = by the house
• у дороги = by the road
• у входа = by the entrance

Because it depends on точки in the phrase точка разворота.

This is a common Russian noun pattern:

• X + genitive of Y = X of Y

So:

• точка = point
• разворота = of turnaround / of turning around

Together, точка разворота means turnaround point or turning point in a literal spatial sense.

Forms of разворот here:

• nominative: разворот
• genitive singular: разворота

No, Russian word order is fairly flexible.

The sentence as written:

• Ветрозащитная куртка лежит у точки разворота.

puts the focus first on the jacket.

You could also say:

• У точки разворота лежит ветрозащитная куртка.

That version emphasizes the location more.

The cases and verb agreement tell you who is doing what, so Russian can move words around more freely than English.

Because Russian has no articles.

So куртка can mean:

• a jacket
• the jacket

The exact meaning depends on context.

English speakers often expect an article, but in Russian definiteness is usually understood from the situation, previous mention, or word order.

The main stresses are:

• ветрозащи́тная
• ку́ртка
• лежи́т
• у
• то́чки
• разворо́та

A rough pronunciation guide:

• vyet-ra-za-SHEET-na-ya KOORT-ka lye-ZHEET oo TOCH-kee raz-va-RO-ta

A few useful notes:

• е after a softening context often sounds like ye
• ж sounds like the s in measure
• unstressed vowels are reduced, so they are not pronounced as clearly as in spelling

Yes, in natural English it often will be.

Russian often uses a very concrete positional verb where English might use a more general verb. So depending on context, you might translate:

• лежит as is lying
• or simply is

For example, a natural English translation might be:

• The windproof jacket is by the turnaround point.

Even though the Russian literally includes the idea of lying.