Продление требует госпошлины и медицинской справки.

Because the verb is требовать, which often means to require, to demand, or to call for.

So:

• Продление требует... = The renewal requires...

In official or bureaucratic language, требовать is very common for saying that some process or action needs certain documents, payments, or conditions.

Продление is a noun meaning renewal or extension.

It comes from the verb продлить, meaning to extend or to renew.

For example:

• продлить визу = to renew/extend a visa
• продление визы = visa renewal

In this sentence, продление is the subject: the renewal itself is what requires the other things.

Because продление is a singular neuter noun, and the verb is in the 3rd person singular present tense:

• продление = singular
• требует = it requires

Russian present-tense verbs agree with the subject in number and person. Since продление is singular, the verb is singular too.

Because требовать often takes the genitive case, especially in formal or official language.

Dictionary forms:

• госпошлина = state fee
• медицинская справка = medical certificate

But after требует, they appear in the genitive:

• госпошлины
• медицинской справки

So the structure is roughly:

• requires + [genitive noun]

This is very typical of bureaucratic Russian.

Here госпошлины is genitive singular of госпошлина.

Forms:

• nominative singular: госпошлина
• genitive singular: госпошлины

In this sentence it means of a state fee, but in natural English we translate it simply as a state fee or payment of a state fee, depending on context.

Because both the adjective and the noun have to match in case, number, and gender.

Dictionary form:

• медицинская справка = medical certificate

Genitive singular:

• медицинской справки

Breakdown:

• медицинская → медицинской
• справка → справки

Both words change because the whole phrase is in the genitive case after требует.

Russian does not use articles like a, an, or the.

So:

• госпошлины could mean a state fee, the state fee, or just state-fee payment
• медицинской справки could mean a medical certificate or the medical certificate

The exact meaning depends on context. English has to choose an article, but Russian usually leaves that unstated.

Госпошлина is short for государственная пошлина, meaning an official state fee or government duty.

It is a common word in administrative and legal contexts, for example when you pay for:

• a passport
• a visa
• a permit
• registration paperwork

So in this sentence, it means that renewing something involves paying an official government fee.

In the present tense, Russian normally leaves out есть when it would mean is/are.

But in this sentence, there is already a full verb: требует = requires.

So there is no need for anything like is. The sentence is complete as it stands:

• Продление требует госпошлины и медицинской справки.
• The renewal requires a state fee and a medical certificate.

Yes, Russian word order is more flexible than English because case endings show grammatical relationships.

The neutral, standard order here is:

• Продление требует госпошлины и медицинской справки.

You could rearrange it for emphasis, for example:

• Госпошлины и медицинской справки требует продление.

But that sounds more marked or stylistic. In normal official language, the original order is the most natural.

Yes. И joins the two things that are required:

• госпошлины = state fee
• медицинской справки = medical certificate

So:

• госпошлины и медицинской справки = a state fee and a medical certificate

Both nouns stay in the same case because they are both governed by требует.

Usually as a general statement in an official context.

Without extra context, Продление требует госпошлины и медицинской справки sounds like:

• Renewal requires a state fee and a medical certificate
• or To renew it, you need to pay a state fee and provide a medical certificate

Russian often uses a bare noun like продление to talk about a procedure in general, especially in notices, forms, and official instructions.