Breakdown of Цена включает всё, включая доставку.
цена
the price
всё
everything
включать
to include
доставка
the delivery
Questions & Answers about Цена включает всё, включая доставку.
Why are there two similar words: включает and включая?
They come from the same verb, включать (to include), but they play different grammatical roles here.
включает = includes
This is a finite verb, 3rd person singular present tense.- Цена включает всё = The price includes everything
включая = including
This is a verbal adverb / preposition-like form meaning including. It adds extra detail:- включая доставку = including delivery
So the sentence is built like this:
- Цена включает всё = main statement
- включая доставку = added clarification
English does the same thing: The price includes everything, including delivery.
Why is цена used with включает in the singular?
Because цена means price, and it is a singular feminine noun.
The verb must agree with the subject:
- цена = singular
- therefore включает = singular
Compare:
- Цена включает всё. = The price includes everything.
- Цены включают всё. = The prices include everything.
So включает is singular simply because the subject цена is singular.
Why is it всё and not все?