Все пришли, включая врача.

Because все here means everyone / all the people, so the verb must agree in the plural.

• все пришли = everyone came
• not singular, because the subject is a group of people

This is very common in Russian: все takes plural agreement when it means everyone.

No. They are different words.

• все = all / everyone (plural idea)
• всё = everything (singular neuter)

In normal Russian writing, the dots over ё are often omitted, so всё is often written as все. Context tells you which meaning is intended.

Here the verb пришли is plural, so it must mean все = everyone, not всё = everything.

Пришли is the past tense plural of прийти, a perfective verb. It presents the action as a completed whole: they came / arrived.

So Все пришли means something like:

• Everyone arrived
• Everyone came

If you used приходили, that would be from the imperfective приходить, which has a different feel, for example:

• repeated coming
• process/background meaning
• sometimes came by rather than simply arrived

In this sentence, пришли is the natural choice.

Включая literally comes from the verb включать (to include), but in sentences like this it functions like including in English.

So:

• включая врача = including the doctor

In modern Russian, learners usually just treat включая here as a fixed word meaning including.

Because включая normally takes the accusative case.

The noun врач is a masculine animate noun, and for masculine animate nouns:

• nominative: врач
• accusative: врача

So:

• включая врача = including the doctor

This is accusative, even though it looks like the genitive form.

Not necessarily.

The noun врач is grammatically masculine, but it is often used for a doctor of either sex. In this sentence, врача by itself does not tell you whether the doctor is a man or a woman.

Russian often uses врач for female doctors too, depending on context.

The phrase включая врача is an added, clarifying comment: including the doctor. Because of that, it is often separated by a comma.

So:

• Все пришли, включая врача.

This is similar to English writing with a parenthetical addition.

You can also place the phrase inside the sentence:

• Все, включая врача, пришли.

Then it is set off by two commas.

Yes. A very common alternative is:

• Все, включая врача, пришли.

This means the same thing, but the emphasis is slightly different.

• Все пришли, включая врача. → first states the main fact, then adds including the doctor
• Все, включая врача, пришли. → the including the doctor part is built into the subject

Both are natural.

Often, yes. The phrase including the doctor usually highlights the doctor as a notable member of the group.

It does not have to mean the doctor was surprising, but it often implies:

• the doctor is worth mentioning separately
• the doctor was part of the group too
• perhaps even someone you might not automatically expect

So the phrase adds emphasis, not just information.

A simple stress guide is:

• Все — stress on the only syllable
• пришли — пришлИ
• включая — включАя
• врача — врачА

So roughly:

• все пришлИ, включАя врачА

The last two words both have stress on the final syllable.