Таблица для проверки зрения находится рядом.

Yes, таблица often means table in the sense of a grid or chart of information. In this sentence, it refers to a chart, specifically an eye chart.

So:

• таблица = table / chart
• таблица для проверки зрения = a chart for checking eyesight / an eye chart

Russian uses таблица more broadly than English table does, so the exact translation depends on context.

Для means for and is used to show purpose.

So:

• для проверки зрения = for checking eyesight / for a vision test

A very literal breakdown is:

• для = for
• проверки = checking / test
• зрения = of vision / eyesight

So the phrase means for the checking of vision, which is a natural Russian way to express purpose.

Because для requires the genitive case.

The dictionary form is:

• проверка = check, inspection, test

After для, it changes to:

• для проверки

This is a very common pattern in Russian:

• для работы = for work
• для учёбы = for studying / for school
• для проверки = for checking / for a test

So проверки is the genitive singular form of проверка.

Because зрение depends on проверка and appears in the genitive case too.

The base word is:

• зрение = vision, eyesight

In the phrase:

• проверка зрения = eyesight test / checking of vision

Russian often uses this pattern where one noun modifies another:

• проверка документов = checking of documents
• чтение книги = reading of a book
• проверка зрения = checking of vision

So зрения is the genitive singular form of зрение.

Находится means is located, is situated, or simply is in the sense of physical location.

So the sentence is literally something like:

• The eye chart is located nearby.

This is more specific than just existing. It tells you where something is.

Compare:

• Там есть таблица. = There is a chart there.
• Таблица находится там. = The chart is located there.

In everyday speech, Russian sometimes drops находится and just says:

• Таблица рядом.

That also means The chart is nearby and sounds a bit simpler and more conversational.

Yes, находиться is a verb with -ся, but here you do not need to think of it as a literal reflexive like finds itself.

In modern Russian, находиться commonly means:

• to be located
• to be situated

So in this sentence:

• Таблица ... находится рядом. = The chart is nearby / is located nearby.

This is just the normal dictionary form of the verb for location in many contexts.

Because рядом by itself can mean nearby.

Here it works as an adverb:

• рядом = nearby, close by

If you want to say next to something specific, you usually say:

• рядом с дверью = next to the door
• рядом с окном = next to the window

So:

• находится рядом = is nearby
• находится рядом с ... = is next to ...

Yes. Russian word order is flexible.

The sentence:

• Таблица для проверки зрения находится рядом.

is neutral and clear: The eye chart is nearby.

You could also say:

• Рядом находится таблица для проверки зрения.

This puts a little more focus on nearby or sounds slightly more descriptive.

You could also hear:

• Таблица для проверки зрения рядом.

This is shorter and more conversational.

All of these are possible, but the original version is a standard, natural sentence.

You figure that out from context.

Russian does not have words like the and a as regular articles, so:

• таблица can mean the chart or a chart

In many learning translations, English uses the because the speaker often has a specific chart in mind, especially in a room or office. But without more context, Russian itself does not force one choice.

So the sentence could mean either:

• The eye chart is nearby
• An eye chart is nearby

Context tells you which is intended.

Yes, таблица для проверки зрения is understandable and natural.

It is a descriptive phrase meaning:

• chart for checking vision
• vision-testing chart
• eye chart

Russian often uses these longer descriptive noun phrases where English might prefer a shorter compound noun.

Depending on context, you might also hear other wording, but таблица для проверки зрения is perfectly good and clear.