Межзрачковое расстояние и внутриглазное давление измерили.

Russian often leaves out they when the subject is unknown, unimportant, or obvious from context.

So измерили literally means they measured, but here it is better understood as:

• They measured the interpupillary distance and intraocular pressure
• or in more natural English, The interpupillary distance and intraocular pressure were measured

This is very common in medical, official, and procedural language.

Because the verb agrees with an implied plural subject: they.

It does not agree with расстояние or давление here, because those words are the things being measured, not the doers of the action.

So:

• измерили = they measured
• plural because the hidden subject is plural

They are accusative, because they are the direct objects of измерили.

However, for inanimate neuter singular nouns, the accusative looks exactly like the nominative. So:

• расстояние = nominative or accusative
• давление = nominative or accusative

That is why the form looks unchanged.

This is a very natural question, because the forms are ambiguous on their own.

Grammatically, межзрачковое расстояние и внутриглазное давление could look like a compound subject, since two singular nouns joined by и can take a plural verb.

But in real usage, we understand them as objects because:

• измерить usually takes something that gets measured
• the sentence uses the common Russian pattern with an omitted they
• semantically, distance and pressure are things people measure

If you want to remove the ambiguity completely, Russian could also say:

• Измерили межзрачковое расстояние и внутриглазное давление.
• Межзрачковое расстояние и внутриглазное давление были измерены.

Russian word order is much freer than English word order.

Putting Межзрачковое расстояние и внутриглазное давление first can make the sentence sound more like:

• a report
• a medical note
• a list of completed actions or findings

A more neutral order would be:

• Измерили межзрачковое расстояние и внутриглазное давление.

Both are correct. The original version gives slightly more focus to what was measured.

Yes. A passive version would be:

• Межзрачковое расстояние и внутриглазное давление были измерены.

This means essentially the same thing: were measured.

But Russian often prefers the active plural with an omitted subject:

• измерили

This is usually more natural and less heavy than the passive, especially in everyday or clinical contexts.

This is an aspect question.

• измерили is perfective
• измеряли is imperfective

Here измерили means the measurement was completed as a finished action.

So the sentence presents the result: the measurements were taken.

If you used измеряли, it would suggest:

• the process of measuring
• repeated measuring
• background action rather than a completed result

In a medical note, измерили is the natural choice when the action is finished.

It is a technical term meaning interpupillary distance.

You can break it down like this:

• меж- = between
• зрачок = pupil
• межзрачковый = interpupillary / between the pupils
• расстояние = distance

So literally it is the distance between the pupils.

It means intraocular pressure.

Breakdown:

• внутри- = inside
• глаз = eye
• внутриглазный = intraocular / inside the eye
• давление = pressure

So literally it is pressure inside the eye.

Because they agree with the nouns they describe.

Both nouns are:

• singular
• neuter
• here in a form that looks like nominative/accusative

So the adjectives also take the neuter singular ending:

• межзрачковое расстояние
• внутриглазное давление

This is standard adjective-noun agreement in Russian.

It sounds more like:

• medical language
• a clinical note
• a formal report

In ordinary conversation, a speaker might say something a little less compact, for example:

• Мне измерили межзрачковое расстояние и внутриглазное давление.
  They measured my interpupillary distance and intraocular pressure.

The original sentence is perfectly natural, but it has a concise, professional tone.