Гарантийные обязательства требуют устранения недостатков.

This is a formal phrase meaning warranty obligations, guarantee obligations, or obligations under a warranty.

It is plural because it refers to a set of duties or responsibilities, not just one single duty. In legal and technical Russian, обязательства is very often used in the plural this way.

It is in the nominative plural, because it is the subject of the sentence.

• обязательство = singular, neuter
• обязательства = plural
• гарантийные is the plural form of the adjective гарантийный

So the adjective and noun agree with each other:

• гарантийные обязательства = nominative plural

Because the subject is plural: гарантийные обязательства.

Требуют is the 3rd person plural present-tense form of требовать.

So the structure is:

• гарантийные обязательства = the warranty obligations
• требуют = require

This is the normal subject-verb agreement pattern in Russian.

Because after требовать, Russian very commonly uses the genitive case in formal language.

You can think of it as answering the question:

• требовать чего? = to require what?
• устранения = of elimination / of correction

So:

• требуют устранения = require the correction/elimination

This is a very typical official or legal-style construction.

Because устранение itself takes a dependent noun in the genitive:

• устранение чего? = elimination/correction of what?
• недостатков = of defects / of shortcomings

So the structure is layered:

• требуют устранения
• устранения недостатков

In other words, Russian is saying something like require [the correction [of defects]].

Yes, that is possible.

The difference is mostly stylistic:

• требуют устранения недостатков = more formal, bureaucratic, legal/document-like
• требуют устранить недостатки = more verbal, more focused on the action to correct the defects

Russian official writing often prefers noun-heavy constructions like устранение недостатков.

In this context, недостатки usually means defects, faults, shortcomings, or deficiencies.

In warranty or product language, English often translates it as defects.

It is a fairly broad word. Compared with дефекты, недостатки can sound a bit wider and can include not only physical defects but also other kinds of flaws or non-conformities.

Grammatically, it is in the present tense, but here the present tense expresses a general rule or standing requirement, not necessarily something happening at this exact moment.

So in English, depending on context, you might understand it as:

• Warranty obligations require the correction of defects
• Under the warranty, defects must be corrected

That use of the present tense is very common in Russian legal and technical style.

Yes. Russian word order is flexible because case endings show the grammatical relationships.

For example, you could also say:

• Устранения недостатков требуют гарантийные обязательства.

That version puts more emphasis on устранения недостатков.

The original order,

• Гарантийные обязательства требуют устранения недостатков,

is neutral and very natural for formal written Russian.

It is natural, but definitely formal and official-sounding.

It sounds like something from:

• a contract
• warranty documentation
• technical instructions
• legal or administrative writing

In more everyday Russian, people might say something more direct, such as:

• По гарантии должны устранить недостатки.
• По гарантии нужно устранить недостатки.

Those are less bureaucratic.

The stress is:

гаранти́йные обяза́тельства тре́буют устране́ния недоста́тков

Word by word:

• гаранти́йные
• обяза́тельства
• тре́буют
• устране́ния
• недоста́тков

This is useful to learn because several of these are long formal words, and the stress is not always obvious from spelling.