Страховщик возместил ущерб.

Страховщик is a masculine noun meaning insurer.

In real usage, it usually refers to the insurance company / insurer as a legal entity, not necessarily a specific human being. In legal and business language, Russian often uses страховщик where English might say the insurer.

A common related word is:

• страхователь = the policyholder / the insured party

So learners often mix these up:

• страховщик = the insurer
• страхователь = the person or organization buying the insurance

Возместил is the past tense, masculine singular form of the verb возместить.

Russian past tense is formed from the infinitive stem plus forms like:

• masculine: -л
• feminine: -ла
• neuter: -ло
• plural: -ли

So:

• он возместил = he compensated / reimbursed
• она возместила
• оно возместило
• они возместили

In your sentence, the subject is страховщик, which is a masculine singular noun, so the verb is возместил.

This is a question of aspect.

• возместить → perfective
• возмещать → imperfective

Возместил means the action was viewed as completed: the insurer actually compensated the damage.

Возмещал would usually mean something like:

• was compensating
• used to compensate
• compensated repeatedly
• was in the process of compensating

So:

• Страховщик возместил ущерб. = the compensation was completed.
• Страховщик возмещал ущерб. = the insurer was compensating the damage / used to compensate it.

With a short standalone sentence reporting a finished result, the perfective возместил is the natural choice.

Ущерб is in the accusative case because it is the direct object of возместил.

The verb возместить normally takes a direct object in the accusative:

• возместить ущерб
• возместить убытки
• возместить расходы

It looks unchanged because ущерб is:

• masculine
• singular
• inanimate

For many masculine inanimate nouns, the accusative singular is identical to the nominative singular.

So:

• nominative: ущерб
• accusative: ущерб

Yes, it is a very common and natural collocation, especially in:

• insurance
• legal language
• formal/business contexts

Russian often says:

• возместить ущерб = compensate for damage/loss
• компенсировать ущерб = also possible, slightly more bookish or formal in some contexts
• покрыть ущерб = cover the damage/loss

So возместил ущерб sounds very standard and idiomatic.

These words overlap, but they are not identical.

• ущерб = damage, loss, detriment; often general or legal/financial damage
• вред = harm; often physical, moral, environmental, or health-related harm
• убытки = losses, usually financial losses

Examples:

• имущественный ущерб = property damage
• вред здоровью = harm to health
• финансовые убытки = financial losses

In an insurance sentence, ущерб is very natural because it fits the idea of damage that the insurer compensates.

Russian has no articles.

So Страховщик возместил ущерб can mean:

• The insurer compensated the damage
• An insurer compensated the damage

Which one sounds right depends on context.

Russian usually shows definiteness through:

• context
• word order
• previous mention
• general situation

So the absence of an article is completely normal.

Yes. Russian word order is flexible because case endings show grammatical roles.

The neutral order here is:

• Страховщик возместил ущерб.

This is a straightforward subject–verb–object sentence.

But you could also say:

• Ущерб возместил страховщик.
• Возместил ущерб страховщик.

These alternatives shift the focus or emphasis rather than the core meaning.

For example:

• Ущерб возместил страховщик. may emphasize that it was the damage that was compensated, or that the insurer was the one who did it.

For learners, the original order is the safest and most neutral.

The stress is:

• страховщи́к
• возмести́л
• уще́рб

A rough pronunciation guide:

• страховщи́к ≈ stra-khaf-SHCHEEK
• возмести́л ≈ vaz-mye-STEEL
• уще́рб ≈ oo-SHCHERP

A few useful notes:

• Unstressed о is often pronounced closer to a.
• щ sounds like a soft long sh sound.
• Final voiced consonants are often devoiced, so final б in ущерб sounds closer to p.

Yes, it is somewhat formal and especially common in:

• legal texts
• contracts
• insurance documents
• news/business language

In everyday conversation, people might more often say:

• страховая компания = insurance company

So:

• Страховщик возместил ущерб. sounds official, legal, or businesslike.
• Страховая компания возместила ущерб. sounds a bit more everyday and transparent to learners.

Sometimes Russian can omit a subject if it is clear from context, but in this sentence the subject is normally kept.

For example, after previous discussion about the insurer, someone might say simply:

• Возместил ущерб.

But by itself, that sounds incomplete or context-dependent. In a standalone sentence, Страховщик возместил ущерб is the natural full form.

The infinitive is возместить.

Useful forms:

• возместить = to compensate, reimburse
• возмещать = to be compensating / to compensate regularly
• возместил = compensated, reimbursed
• возместит = will compensate
• возместил ущерб = compensated the damage
• возместить ущерб = to compensate the damage

This verb is worth learning together with its common object:

• возместить ущерб

That way, you learn it as a natural chunk rather than as an isolated dictionary form.